Beaufort Island

Beaufort Island coord|76|56|S|166|56|E|display=title is an island in Antarctica's Ross Sea. It is the northernmost feature of the Ross Archipelago, [http://www.geology.ohio-state.edu/TAMDEF/Sites/Beaufort_Island/Beaufort_Island_Info.htm Beaufort Island TAMDEF Page,] Ohio State University.] lying 21 kilometres (13 miles) north of Cape Bird, Ross Island. It is approximately 18.4 km² (7.1 square miles) in area. It was first charted by James Clark Ross in 1841. Ross named the island for Sir Francis Beaufort, hydrographer to the British Royal Navy.

Geography

Beaufort Island was created by volcanic activity and is comprised of basalt. It is semi circular in shape. The highest point in the island is Paton Peak, at 771 m (2,530 ft). The island has varied terrain and habitats. Much of the western side of the island is covered by moderately sloping ice fields with ice cliffs about 20 m (66 ft) high on the coast. The east and south sides of the island are mostly free of ice, with steep inaccessible cliffs that rise straight from the sea. Here the ice-free ground has a gentle slope and has ponds in summer and small meltwater streams that drain to the coast.Stonehouse, Bernard, 2002, "Encyclopedia of Antarctica and the Southern Oceans", John Wiley and Sons, p. 25, ISBN 0471986658.] [http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/antarct/aca/nsf01151/aca2_spa105.pdf Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 105 Beaufort Island, McMurdo Sound, Ross Sea,] National Science Foundation.]

Ecology

Beaufort Island is designated an Antarctic Specially Protected Area in order to preserve its natural ecological system and to protect its varied and numerous bird species. [ [http://www.aad.gov.au/apa/aspa/sites/aspa105/index.html Beaufort Island, Ross Sea,] Antarctic Protected Areas.] The island is isolated and difficult to access and is visited infrequently by people. It is largely undisturbed by direct human activity, and there have been fewer opportunities for the introduction of exotic species than other locations in the Ross Sea. Although some studies have been conducted on the island, it has not been comprehensively studied. [ [http://www.antarcticanz.govt.nz/downloads/environment/ASPA105mgmtplan.pdf Management Plan for Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 105,] Antarctica New Zealand.]

There is a small colony of breeding Emperor Penguins on nearshore sea ice at the north end of the island. There is a large Adélie Penguin colony on a raised beach called Cadwalader Beach at the south-western end of the island. The island also has several breeding colonies of South Polar Skua.

The island has an extensive area of vegetation on a moraine bench 5-7 m (16-23 ft) above the beach at the north end of the island. The moraine bench is up to 50 m (164 ft) wide. The vegetation is dominated by the moss species "Bryum argenteum". It is the most extensive and continuous area of mosses known of in the McMurdo Sound region. There is also a diverse community of algae. This location is one of the most southerly locations where red snow algae ("Chlamydomonas" sp., "Chloromonas" sp., and "Chlamydomonas nivalis") are found. This location is favourable for vegetation growth because of warm summer temperatures. Its northerly aspect and the shelter provided by high ice cliffs protect against southerly winds. Water is supplied from the ice-cliffs and snow banks.

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