- John McCausland
Infobox Military Person
name= John McCausland, Jr.
lived=September 13 ,1836 –January 22 ,1927
caption=
nickname=
placeofbirth=St Louis, Missouri
placeofdeath=Point Pleasant, West Virginia
allegiance=Confederate States of America
branch=
serviceyears= 1861–65
rank=Brigadier General
unit=
commands=
battles=American Civil War -Battle of Fort Donelson -Valley Campaigns of 1864 -Siege of Petersburg -Battle of Five Forks -Appomattox Campaign
awards=
relations=
laterwork=John McCausland, Jr. (
September 13 ,1836 –January 22 ,1927 ) was abrigadier general in theConfederate States Army , famous for the ransom ofHagerstown, Maryland , and the razing ofChambersburg, Pennsylvania , during theAmerican Civil War .Early life
McCausland was born in
St Louis, Missouri , the son of an immigrant fromIreland . He graduated with first honors in the class of 1858 at theVirginia Military Institute , and subsequently acted as assistant professor of mathematics in that institution until 1861. In 1859 he was present with a group of VMI cadets at the execution of John Brown at Charles Town.Civil War
Immediately after the start of the Civil War, McCausland recruited the 36th Virginia Infantry Regiment using volunteers from Rockbridge County and was commissioned its colonel on
July 16 ,1861 . This regiment gained fame as the Rockbridge Artillery. He served in the brigade ofBrigadier General John B. Floyd in western Virginia and was transferred with his regiment toBowling Green, Kentucky , to serve in Gen.Albert Sidney Johnston 's army. He fought at theBattle of Fort Donelson and escaped with his command before it surrendered in February 1862. For the remainder of 1862 and 1863 he fought in the Department of Southwest Virginia.McCausland was promoted to brigadier general on
May 18 ,1864 , and served as a cavalry brigade commander in theValley Campaigns of 1864 , under Lt. Gen.Jubal A. Early , raiding into Maryland and Pennsylvania. Under Gen. Early's orders, onJuly 30 ,1864 , McCausland burned the town ofChambersburg, Pennsylvania , in retaliation for the destruction of private property byUnion Army Maj. Gen.David Hunter in theShenandoah Valley , including the burning of theVirginia Military Institute . After the failure of Early's campaign, McCausland rejoined theArmy of Northern Virginia in theSiege of Petersburg , theBattle of Five Forks , and theAppomattox Campaign . He escaped with his cavalry fromAppomattox Court House beforeRobert E. Lee 's surrender, but disbanded his unit soon after. He was paroled inCharleston, West Virginia , onMay 22 ,1865 .Postbellum
After the war, McCausland spent two years in Europe and Mexico before returning to the United States. For the burning of Chambersburg he faced arson charges, but was pardoned by President
Ulysses S. Grant . He acquired a tract of 6,000 acres (24 km²) inMason County, West Virginia , where he lived as a farmer for more than 60 years.McCausland died at his farm, "McCausland", in
Point Pleasant, West Virginia , the last Confederate general to die. [Eicher, pp. 371, 609.Felix Huston Robertson is often cited as the longest surviving general, dying onApril 20 ,1928 , but his nomination for brigadier general was rejected by the Confederate Senate in February 1865.] He is buried inHenderson, West Virginia .References
* Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., "Civil War High Commands", Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
* Warner, Ezra J., "Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders", Louisiana State University Press, 1959, ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.Notes
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