- Agricultural experiment station
An agricultural experiment station is a research center that conducts scientific investigations to solve problems and suggest improvements in the food and
agriculture industry. Experiment station scientists work withfarmer s,rancher s,supplier s, processors, and others involved infood production and agriculture.They have made outstanding contributions to the development of food and agriculture.Fact|date=October 2007
Location of Stations
Canadian stations
In
Canada , about 50 per cent (1988) of the experiment stations are controlled by the Canadian government. TheCentral Experimental Farm inOttawa is the headquarters of the federal system. Private industries, universities, and agricultural colleges control the remainder of the stations. Each province has a number of provincial stations.Fact|date=October 2007 TheUniversity of Saskatchewan has extensive agricultural experimental land.Icelandic stations
The
Agricultural University of Iceland [http://www.lbhi.is/landbunadur/wglbhi.nsf/key2/hhjn6kxfkf.html] maintains several experiment stations throughout the country.Japanese stations
Japan has five agricultural experiment stations ofIndependent Administrative Institution of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, former national stations, and many other prefectural stations all over the country.U. S. stations
The United States of America has more than 50 stations (1988), run by about 13,000 scientists (1988). Each state has at least one main station, usually located at and associated with aland-grant university . Many states have branch stations to meet the special needs of different climate and geographical zones in those states.Fact|date=October 2007The
United States Department of Agriculture also directly maintains several experiment stations, including theHenry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Maryland and theU.S. Sheep Experiment Station nearDubois, Idaho . The Beltsville station contains the main building of theNational Agricultural Library . TheUnited States National Arboretum in Washington, DC is a division of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center.Fact|date=October 2007The U.S. experiment stations are state institutions. However, the federal and state governments cooperate in funding the research done at the stations. The states provide about 60 per cent (1988) of the government money. Additional income comes from grants,
contract s, and the sale of products. The stations receive a total income of more than $1 billion a year.Fact|date=October 2007U. S. Virgin Islands stations
The
University of the Virgin Islands maintains an experiment station [http://rps.uvi.edu/AES/aes_home.html] on the island ofSt. Croix , working onagroforestry ,aquaponics ,biotechnology , forage agronomy, andtilapia farming, among other areas of research.Research
Station scientists study a biological, economic, and social problems of food and agriculture and related industries in each state. They investigate such areas as
crop variation s,soil testing ,livestock ,processing and animal technology, and other advanced technology to food and agriculture. They also work with specialists calledextension agent s. These specialists help inform famers about developments in agriculture (seecounty agricultural extension agent ). Most agricultural experiment station scientists are faculty members of the land-grant universities.History
In Japan
Hokkaido Development Commission founded the very first agricultural experiment station of the country inSapporo in 1871, under the advices ofO-yatoi gaikokujin (hired foreign experts).The first national agricultural experiment station was founded in 1893 in
Tokyo ,Sendai , Kanazawa,Osaka ,Hiroshima ,Tokushima , andKumamoto under theEdict No.18.And, 1899 act for prefectural agricultural experiment stations supported prefectural movement to establish agricultural experiment stations all over Japan.
In the United Kingdom
One of the oldest agricultural experiment stations is the
Rothamsted Experimental Station , located atHarpenden inHertfordshire ,England , where the great statistical geneticistRonald Fisher was inspired to important advances in the theory of statistical inferences and genetics.In the U.S.
The first state agricultural experiment station in the United States was organised in 1875 at
Wesleyan University inMiddletown, Connecticut . It was supported by private donations and state funds. Organization and method were modeled upon European stations and the work of state chemists. By 1887 fourteen states had definite organizations and in thirteen others the colleges conducted equivalent work. TheBussey Institution atHarvard University (since 1871) and theHoughton Farm atCornwall, New York (1876-88), were privately endowed stations. Federal aid for state experiment stations began with theHatch Act of 1887 . The Hatch Act authorized direct payment of federal grant funds to each state to establish an agricultural experiment station "under direction of" itsland-grant college . Land-grant colleges had been established under the Morrill Act of 1862. The aid was increased by theAdams Act (1906) and thePurnell Act (1925). The provisions of the original Hatch Act and of later legislation providing increasing funds were combined in theHatch Act of 1955. Fact|date=October 2007The
McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962 authorized forestry research studies at experiment stations. The federal government takes part in the experiment station program through theCooperative Extension Service of theU.S. Department of Agriculture . The department coordinates research activities among the state stations.Fact|date=October 2007ee also
*
Hatch Act of 1887
*New York State Agricultural Experiment Station ources of information
*
World Book encyclopedia 1988
*Dictionary of American History byJames Truslow Adams , New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940
* [http://www.naro.affrc.go.jp/index_en.html Japan National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)]
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