Zhungdra

Zhungdra is one of two main styles of traditional
Bhutanese folk music (the other being bödra). Arising in the 17th century, zhungdra ("zhung" = "center", "dra" = "music") is an entirely endemic Bhutanese style associated with the folk music of the central valleys of Paro, Thimphu, and Punakha, the heart of the Ngalop cultural area. [cite album-notes
title = Tibetan Buddist Rites from the Monasteries of Bhutan, Vol IV
albumlink =
bandname =
year = 1971
notestitle = Note for Tashi Laso (track 1)
url =
first = John
last = Levy
authorlink =
coauthors =
pages = page 3
format =
publisher = Lyrichord
publisherid =
location =
mbid = ] Bödra, in contrast, evolved out of Tibetan court music ("bö" = "Tibet", "dra" = "music").

Zhungdra is characterized by the use of extended vocal tones in complex patterns which slowly decorate a relatively simple instrumental melody. Untrained singers, even those with natural singing ability, typically find it challenging to sing zhungdra. This has reduced the popularity of zhungdra compared with rigsar, the fast-paced pop Bhutanese music style based on electronic synthesizers.

The zhungdra style may be appreciated in songs such as "Lhodrak Marpai Zhab", found on Jigme Drukpa's album "Endless Songs from Bhutan". [cite album-notes
title = Endless Songs from Bhutan
albumlink =
bandname =
year = 2000
notestitle = Lhodrak Marpai Zhab (track 5)
url =
first = Jigme
last = Drukpa
authorlink =
coauthors =
pages =
format =
publisher = Norway Music
publisherid =
location =
mbid = ]

Although formally secular, the lyrics of zhungdra songs often tell Buddhist allegories, such as "Yak Legbi Lhadar", in which the singer tells of his former life as a yak slaughtered in connection with a non-Buddhist ritual in the Gasa district.

Notes and references