Theodore II Palaiologos, Lord of Morea

Theodore II Palaiologos or Palaeologus (Greek: Θεόδωρος Β΄ Παλαιολόγος, "Theodōros II Palaiologos") (c. 1396–26 June, 1448) was Despot ("despotēs") in Morea from 1407 to 1443.

Life

Theodore II Palaiologos was a son of the Eastern Roman Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and his wife Helena Dragaš. His maternal grandfather was the Serb prince Constantine Dragaš. His brothers included emperors John VIII Palaiologos and Constantine XI Palaiologos, as well as Demetrios Palaiologos and Thomas Palaiologos, despots in the Despotate of Morea, and Andronikos Palaiologos, despot in Thessalonica.

When Theodore was a little over ten years old, his father proclaimed him a despot ("despotēs") and appointed him to govern Morea after the death of his uncle Theodore I Palaiologos in 1407. The first period of his rule was a time of war against the Latin states in Greece for the unification of Morea. Theodore II's enemies in that period included the Republic of Venice, which sent troops to impede his attempt to conquer Patras. During Theodore's minority, his father Emperor Manuel II stayed in Morea and supervized its administration and defense, building the "Hexamilion wall" across the Isthmus of Corinth.

A moment of drastic change in policy was his marriage to the Latin noblewoman Cleopa Malatesta, arranged with the help of Pope Martin V, who became Theodore's ally and supporter. In a letter from around the time of Manuel II's death (July 21, 1425), Pope Martin V called Theodore II emperor of Constantinople ("ad Theodorum imperatorem constantinopolitanum") but the crown actually passed to his older brother John VIII.

The war in Morea had started to go against the Byzantines and, under pressure from Carlo Tocco, the Count of Kefalonia, the Despot demanded help from his brother John VIII. That help came in the form of reinforcements led by their brother Constantine, who became joint governor of Morea with Theodore II in 1428. The united efforts of the brothers contributed to the conquest of Patras in 1430.

On the other hand, Emperor John VIII declared Theodore's younger brother Constantine regent of the empire during his voayge to Florence in 1438, which emphasized his selection of Constantine as his intended heir. The next several years were marred by disputes with Constantine over the succession to the childless John VIII. In a compromise, Theodore II Palaiologos surrendered his claim to the throne in exchange for Constantine's domain (appanage) of Selymbria (Silivri) in 1443, where he died of plague five years later, in 1448, predeceasing his brothers.

Family

By his marriage to Cleopa Malatesta, an Italian aristocrat, Theodore II Palaiologos had at least one daughter:
# Helena Palaiologina. She married King John II of Cyprus.

Ancestry

ahnentafel-compact5
style=font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%;
border=1
boxstyle=padding-top: 0; padding-bottom: 0;
boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
1= 1. Theodore II Palaiologos
2= 2. Manuel II Palaiologos
3= 3. Helena Dragaš
4= 4. John V Palaiologos
5= 5. Helena Kantakouzene
6= 6. Constantine Dragaš
8= 8. Andronikos III Palaiologos
9= 9. Anna of Savoy
10= 10. John VI Kantakouzenos
11= 11. Irene Asanina
12= 12. Dejan
13= 13. Theodora of Serbia
16= 16. Michael IX Palaiologos
17= 17. Rita of Armenia
18= 18. Amadeus V, Count of Savoy
19= 19. Maria of Brabant
20= 20. Michael Kantakouzenos
21= 21. Theodora Palaiologina Angelina Kantakouzene
22= 22. Andronikos Asen
26= 26. Stefan Uroš III Dečanski of Serbia
27= 27. Theodora of Bulgaria

Bibliography

* "Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium", Oxford University Press, 1991.
*Joseph Freiherr von Hammer-Purgstall "Geschichte des Osmanischen Reiches"
*Edward Gibbon "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire"
*George Sphrantzes : The Fall of the Byzantine Empire