- The two Spains
"The two Spains" ( _es. las dos Españas) is a phrase from a short poem by Spanish poet
Antonio Machado . The phrase, referring to the left-right political divisions that later led to theSpanish Civil War , originated in a short, untitled poem, number LIII of his "Proverbios y Cantares"" [http://www.avantel.net/~eoropesa/html/poesia/amachado1.html#amachado_7 Proverbios y Cantares] ", LIII, Antonio Machado.] ("Proverbs and Songs").Antonio Machado himself is an example of this split.While he wrote a poem to honor the Communist General
Enrique Líster " [http://www.rafaelrobles.com/webquests/pazperpetua/documentospazperpetua/alistermachado.htm A Líster, jefe en los ejércitos del Ebro] ", Antonio Machado, June 1938.] , his brother Manuel Machado dedicated another poem to the saber of the rebel GeneralissimoFrancisco Franco .The idea of a divided Spain, each half antagonistic to the other half, dates back at least to 19th-century Spanish satirist
Mariano José de Larra , who, in his article "All Souls' Day 1836 " ["Día de difuntos de 1836"] wrote "Here lies half of Spain. It died of the other half." [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/servlet/SirveObras/lrr/12589419723471506098435/p0000001.htm#17 El Día de Difuntos de 1836: Fígaro en el cementerio] ",Mariano José de Larra , "El Español ", Nº 368, 2nd November 1836.] " Later, philosopherMiguel de Unamuno , Machado's contemporary, developed the idea through the Biblical story ofJacob andEsau struggling for dominance in their mother's womb, as in the article "Rebeca" (1914), which may pre-date Machado's quatrain. But historians trace the idea still further back, to the 17th and 18th centuries and the formation of the Spanish character. [Ramón Menéndez Pidal , "The Two Spains," in "The Spaniards in Their History," transl.Walter Starkie . New York: Norton, 1966, pp. 102-43.] [Fidelino de Figueiredo , "As Duas Espanhas" (1932).]References
External links
* [http://www.poesia-inter.net/amach188.htm Original Spanish-language text of Machado's poem]
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