T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
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T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a cancer of the lymphocyte-forming cells called lymphoblasts.
Presentation
About 13% to 15% of children with ALL have T-cell ALL. This type of leukemia affects boys more than girls, and generally affects children at an older age than B-cell ALL does. It is often associated with an enlarged thymus (which can sometimes cause breathing difficulty) and with early spread to the cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord).
Pathophysiology
T cells help protect us against foreign substances (those not normally present in the body). They recognize specific chemicals, such as those found on the outside of virus-infected cells. They then destroy these cells by releasing substances that cause them to develop holes and become leaky. T cells can also release substances called cytokines that attract other types of white blood cells, such as macrophages, which then surround and digest the infected cells.
Diagnosis
Normal B cells and T cells can be recognized by laboratory tests that identify distinctive chemicals on their surfaces. Some chemical substances are found only on B cells, and others are found only on T cells.
Causes
T-ALL is believed to be caused by a defect in the Notch signaling pathway.
External links
* [http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society] - provides information about leukaemia and related diseases, updates on current clinical trials, and discussion forums.
* [http://www.cancer.org/ American Cancer Society]
* [http://www.curesearch.org/ CureSearch] - Childhood cancer disease, treatment and support articles for families, patients, survivors and health professionals.
Wikimedia Foundation.
2010.
Look at other dictionaries:
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia — acute lymphoblastic leukemia in which cells express surface antigens characteristic of T cells; it is more common in males than in females and affects adults and children equally … Medical dictionary
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia — A type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many B cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. It is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Also called precursor B lymphoblastic… … English dictionary of cancer terms
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia — A type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many T cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia and precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia … English dictionary of cancer terms
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia — a rare subtype of acute lymphoblastic leukemia consisting of lymphoblasts that express surface immunoglobulins and have a chromosomal translocation similar to that of Burkitt lymphoma … Medical dictionary
B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia — A type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many B cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. It is the most common type of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Also called precursor B lymphoblastic… … English dictionary of cancer terms
T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia — A type of leukemia (blood cancer) in which too many T cell lymphoblasts (immature white blood cells) are found in the blood and bone marrow. Also called T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and precursor T lymphoblastic leukemia … English dictionary of cancer terms
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia — Infobox Disease Name = Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Caption = DiseasesDB = 195 ICD10 = ICD10|C|91|0|c|81 ICD9 = ICD9|204.0 ICDO = 9821/3 OMIM = MedlinePlus = eMedicineSubj = med eMedicineTopic = 3146 eMedicine mult = eMedicine2|ped|2587 MeshID =… … Wikipedia
pre–B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia — B lymphoblastic l … Medical dictionary
pre–T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia — T lymphoblastic l … Medical dictionary
common acute lymphoblastic leukemia — a subclassification of the pre–B cell type that refers to those showing expression of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen … Medical dictionary
