Samuil Marshak

Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak (langWithName|ru|Russian|Самуил Яковлевич Маршак; OldStyleDate|November 3|1887|October 22 - June 4 1964) was a Russian writer, translator and children's poet. Among his Russian translations are William Shakespeare's sonnets, poems by William Blake and Robert Burns, and Rudyard Kipling's stories.

Early years

Samuil was born on November 3, 1887 in Voronezh. His father was a foreman at a chemical plant. He got a good home education and later studied at the gymnasium (secondary school) of Ostrogozhsk, a suburb of Voronezh. Samuil started to write poetry during his childhood years in Voronezh.

In 1902, the Marshak's family moved to Saint Petersburg. There was a complication: as a Jew, Marshak could not legally live outside the Pale of Settlement, thus he could not attend school while living in the city. Marshak's parents arranged a meeting with the influential critic, Vladimir Stasov, who was so impressed by the schoolboy's literary talent that he arranged an exception from the Pale laws for Samuil and his family. He also introduced Marshak to Maxim Gorky and Feodor Chaliapin.

In 1904, Samuil was diagnosed with tuberculosis and could no longer continue to live in the cold climate of Saint Petersburg. Maxim Gorky arranged for Samuil to live with his family in the Black Sea resort town of Yalta (1904-1907). Gorky and Chalyapin also paid for his education and therapy.

Young poet, philosopher and translator

In 1904, he published his first works in the magazines "Jewish Life" and "Young Judea". In 1907, he returned to Saint Petersburg, and subsequently published numerous works in the popular magazine "Satyricon".

In 1912, he moved to England and studied philosophy at the University of London. In his senior year at the University, he published his translations of the poetry of William Blake, Robert Burns, and William Wordsworth in Russia. Shortly before World War I, in 1914, he returned to Russia and devoted himself to translation.

Children's poetry

In 1917, Marshak worked with children of Jewish refugees. This was his first experience working with children. That summer, he and a group of enthusiasts organized Children's town that included children's theater, library, and studios. For that theater he wrote plays that later became the book "Plays for Children".

From writing children's fiction he moved on to writing poetry for children. Starting from 1922 he worked with the publishing house "Raduga" ("Rainbow") where he published:"Детки в клетке" ("Kids in a cage"), "Пожар" ("Fire") 1923, "Сказка о глупом мышонке" ("The Tale of the Foolish Mouse Pup"), "Синяя птица" ("Blue bird"), "Цирк" ("Circus"), "Мороженое" ("Ice-cream"), "Вчера и сегодня»" ("Yesterday and today") 1925, "Багаж" ("Luggage") 1926, "Пудель" ("Poodle"), "Почта" ("Post Office") 1927, and "Вот такой рассеянный" ("What an absent-minded guy") 1930. All of these became very popular.

Later years

In 1937, Marshak moved to Moscow, where he worked on children's books and translations. During World War II, he published satires against the Nazis. After the war he continued to publish children's books including: "Разноцветная книга" ("Multicolored book") 1948, "Круглый год" ("All year round") 1948, "Тихая сказка" ("A Quiet tale") 1956, etc.

In the last years of his life, he wrote aphoristic verses that he named "lyrical epigrams". They were published in his last book, "Selected Lyrics" (Избранная Лирика) in 1963. He also published three tale plays: "The Twelve months" 1943, "Afraid of troubles - cannot have luck" 1962, and "Smart things" 1964. He also translated the works of Gianni Rodari, William Blake, Edward Lear, and Rudyard Kipling into Russian. Many of his translations became so entrenched in Russian culture, that it was often quipped that Marshak was not so much a translator as a co-author.

Samuil Marshak died on June 4, 1964 and was buried in Moscow.

ee also

*Vladimir Lebedev (painter) - he illustrated many of Marshak's books
*The Twelve Months (1956 film)
*Twelve Months (1980 film)

External links

* [http://www.stihi-rus.ru/1/marshak/ Marshak's site] -in Russian
* [http://milestone.roskultura.ru/info/11/3 Biography of Marshak] -in Russian
* [http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0550697/ IMDb Profile]

Persondata
NAME=Marshak, Samuil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Marshak, Samuel
SHORT DESCRIPTION=writer, poet, playwright
DATE OF BIRTH=November 3, 1887
PLACE OF BIRTH=Voronezh, Russia
DATE OF DEATH=June 4, 1964
PLACE OF DEATH=