Outline of artificial intelligence

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to artificial intelligence:

Artificial intelligence (AI) – branch of computer science that deals with intelligent behavior, learning, and adaptation in machines. Research in AI is concerned with producing machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent behavior.

Branches of artificial intelligence

• Symbolic
  • Good Old Fashioned AI –
• Sub-symbolic
  • Early cybernetics and brain simulation
  • Behavior based AI
    • Subsumption architecture
  • Nouvelle AI
  • Computational intelligence (CI)
    • Computational creativity –
    • Neural networks –
      • Hybrid neural network –
      • Recurrent neural network –
    • Fuzzy systems –
    • Evolutionary computation, including:
      • Evolutionary algorithms –
        • Genetic algorithm –
      • Brain Emotional Learning Based Intelligent Controller
      • Swarm intelligence –
        • Ant colony optimization –
• Statistical AI

Some applications of artificial intelligence

Main article: Applications of artificial intelligence

• Computer Audition –
  • Speech recognition
  • Speaker recognition
• Computer vision
  • Object recognition
  • Intelligent word recognition –
  • Optical mark recognition
    • Handwriting recognition
    • Optical character recognition
      • Automatic number plate recognition
  • Facial recognition systems
    • Silent speech interface
• Expert system –
  • Decision support system –
    • Clinical decision support system
• Information extraction
  • Activity recognition
  • Concept mining
    • Data mining
    • Text mining
  • Image retrieval
    • Automatic image annotation
• Machine learning
  • Constrained Conditional Models –
  • Neural modeling fields –
• Natural language processing
  • Language identification
  • Natural language user interface
  • Natural language understanding –
  • Machine translation
    • Statistical semantics
  • Question answering
• Robotics
• Speech generating device
• Vehicle infrastructure integration
• Video game AI
  • Computer chess
  • Computer Go
  • General Game Playing
• Virtual Intelligence –

Philosophy of artificial intelligence

Philosophy of artificial intelligence

• Artificial brain –
• Philosophical views of artificial consciousness –
  • User illusion –
• Artificial intelligence and law –
• Chinese Room –
• Cognitive science
  • Artificial consciousness
  • Embodied cognitive science
    • Embodied cognition –
• Ethics of artificial intelligence –
• Philosophy of the Mind –
  • Computational theory of mind –
  • Functionalism –
• Physical symbol system –
• Synthetic intelligence –
• Turing Test –

History of artificial intelligence

Main article: History of artificial intelligence

• Progress in artificial intelligence
• Timeline of artificial intelligence

• AI effect
• AI winter

Artificial intelligence in fiction

Main article: Artificial intelligence in fiction

• Angel F (2007) –
• The Matrix (1999)
• The Terminator (1984)

Artificial intelligence and the future

• Seed AI –
• Singularitarianism
• Strong AI –
• Technological singularity

Psychology and AI

• Artificial psychology
• AI effect
• Uncanny valley

Concepts in artificial intelligence

• Action selection –
• Affective computing –
• AI box –
• AI-complete –
• Algorithmic probability –
• Automated reasoning –
• Autonomic Computing –
• Autonomic Networking –
• Backward chaining –
• Bayesian network –
• Bio-inspired computing –
  • Artificial immune systems –
• Blackboard system –
• Chatterbot –
• Combs method –
• Commonsense reasoning –
• Computational humor –
• Computer-assisted proof –
• Conceptual dependency theory –
• Darwin machine –
• Description logic –
• Frame problem –
• Game theory –
• Grammar systems theory –
• Informatics (academic field) –
• Intelligent control –
• Kinect –
• LIDA (cognitive architecture) –
• Means-ends analysis –
• Moravec's paradox –
• Music and artificial intelligence –
• Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) Aggregation Operators –
• PEAS – Performance, Environment, Actuators, Sensors
• Percept (artificial intelligence) –
• Perceptual Computing –
• Rule-based system –
• Self-management (computer science) –
• Soft computing –
• Software agent –
  • Intelligent agent / Rational agent –
    • Autonomous agent –
    • Automated planning and scheduling
    • Control system
      • Hierarchical control system
      • Networked control system
    • Distributed artificial intelligence –
    • Multi-agent system –
    • Monitoring and Surveillance Agents
  • Embodied agent –
  • Situated AI
• Sussman Anomaly –
• Wetware (brain) –

AI projects

Main article: List of artificial intelligence projects

• Automated Mathematician (1977) –
• Allen (robot) (late 1980s) –
• Open Mind Common Sense (1999 - ) –
• Mindpixel (2000–2005) –
• Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes (2003–2008) –
• Watson (2011) –

Notable AI software

• OpenAIR –
• OpenCog –
• OpenIRIS –
• RapidMiner –

Competitions and awards

Main article: Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence

• Loebner Prize –

Publications

Main article: List of important publications in computer science

• Adaptive Behavior (journal) –
• AI Memo –
• Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach –
• Artificial Minds –
• Computational Intelligence –
• Computing Machinery and Intelligence –
• Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence –
• IEEE Intelligent Systems –
• IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence –
• Neural Networks (journal) –
• On Intelligence –
• Paradigms of AI Programming: Case Studies in Common Lisp –
• What Computers Can't Do

Organizations

• Artificial General Intelligence Research Institute
• Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Society
• Artificial Intelligence Applications Institute
• Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
• European Coordinating Committee for Artificial Intelligence
• European Neural Network Society
• ILabs
• International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence
• Knowledge Engineering and Machine Learning Group
• Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simulation of Behaviour

Companies

• Consolidated Robotics –
• Universal Robotics –

Artificial intelligence scholars

1930s and 40s (generation 0)

Alan Turing, John Von Neumann, Norbert Wiener, Claude Shannon, Nathaniel Rochester, Walter Pitts, Warren McCullough

1950s (the founders)

John McCarthy, Marvin Minsky, Allen Newell and Herbert Simon

1960s (their students)

Edward Feigenbaum, Raj Reddy, Seymour Papert, and Ray Solomonoff

1980s

Judea Pearl, Rodney Brooks

More recent scholars

Hugo de Garis

See also

Artificial intelligence portal

• List of emerging technologies

External links

• AI at the Open Directory Project
• Artificial Intelligence Directory, a directory of Web resources related to artificial intelligence
• The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence
• Freeview Video 'Machines with Minds' by the Vega Science Trust and the BBC/OU
• John McCarthy's frequently asked questions about AI
• Jonathan Edwards looks at AI (BBC audio) С
• Ray Kurzweil's website dedicated to AI including prediction of future development in AI
• Logic and Artificial Intelligence entry by Richmond Thomason in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy