- Outline of Chad
-
The Flag of Chad
The location of Chad
An enlargeable map of the Republic of ChadThe Republic of Chad is a landlocked country in Central Africa.[1] It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. Due to its distance from the sea and its largely desert climate, the country is sometimes referred to as the "Dead Heart of Africa". Chad is divided into three major geographical regions: a desert zone in the north, an arid Sahelian belt in the centre and a more fertile Sudanese savanna zone in the south. Lake Chad, after which the country is named, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest in Africa. Chad's highest peak is the Emi Koussi in the Sahara, and N'Djamena, the capital, is the largest city. Chad is home to over 200 different ethnic and linguistic groups. Arabic and French are the official languages. Islam is the most widely practiced religion.
Beginning in the 7th millennium BC, human populations moved into the Chadian basin in great numbers. By the end of the 1st millennium BC, a series of states and empires rose and fell in Chad's Sahelian strip, each focused on controlling the trans-Saharan trade routes that passed through the region. France conquered the territory by 1920 and incorporated it as part of French Equatorial Africa. In 1960 Chad obtained independence under the leadership of François Tombalbaye. Resentment towards his policies in the Muslim north culminated in the eruption of a long-lasting civil war in 1965. In 1979 the rebels conquered the capital and put an end to the south's hegemony. However, the rebel commanders fought amongst themselves until Hissène Habré defeated his rivals. He was overthrown in 1990 by his general Idriss Déby. Recently, the Darfur crisis in Sudan has spilt over the border and destabilised the nation, with hundreds of thousands of Sudanese refugees living in and around camps in eastern Chad.
While many political parties are active, power lies firmly in the hands of President Déby and his political party, the Patriotic Salvation Movement. Chad remains plagued by political violence and recurrent attempted coups d'état (see Battle of N'Djamena (2006) and Battle of N'Djamena (2008)).
The country is one of the poorest and most corrupt countries in the world; most Chadians live in poverty as subsistence herders and farmers. Since 2003 crude oil has become the country's primary source of export earnings, superseding the traditional cotton industry.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Chad:
General reference
An enlargeable relief map of Chad- Pronunciation:
- Common English country name: Chad
- Official English country name: The Republic of Chad
- Common endonym(s):
- Official endonym(s):
- Adjectival(s): Chadian
- Demonym(s):
- Etymology: Name of Chad
- ISO country codes: TD, TCD, 148
- ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TD
- Internet country code top-level domain: .td
Geography of Chad
An enlargeable topographic map of ChadMain article: Geography of Chad- Chad is: a landlocked country
- Location:
- Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere
- Africa
- Central Africa
- Middle Africa
- North Africa
- partially within the Sahara Desert
- Time zone: West Africa Time (UTC+01)
- Extreme points of Chad
- High: Emi Koussi 3,445 m (11,302 ft)
- Low: Bodélé Depression 160 m (525 ft)
- Land boundaries: 5,968 km
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- Coastline: none
- Population of Chad: 10,780,600(2007) - 75th most populous country
- Area of Chad: 1,284,000 square kilometres (496,000 sq mi) - 21st largest country
- Atlas of Chad
Environment of Chad
An enlargeable satellite image of ChadMain article: Environment of Chad- Climate of Chad
- Environmental issues in Chad
- Ecoregions in Chad
- Renewable energy in Chad
- Geology of Chad
- Protected areas of Chad
- Biosphere reserves in Chad
- National parks of Chad
- Wildlife of Chad
- Flora of Chad
- Fauna of Chad
- Birds of Chad
- Mammals of Chad
Natural geographic features of Chad
Main article: Landforms of Chad- Glaciers in Chad: none [2]
- Islands of Chad
- Lakes of Chad
- Mountains of Chad
- Rivers of Chad
- Waterfalls of Chad
- Valleys of Chad
- World Heritage Sites in Chad: None
Regions of Chad
Ecoregions of Chad
- Main article: Ecoregions in Chad
Administrative divisions of Chad
- Main article: Administrative divisions of Chad
Provinces of Chad
Main article: Provinces of ChadDepartments of Chad
Main article: Departments of ChadSub-prefectures of Chad
Main article: Sub-prefectures of ChadMunicipalities of Chad
- Capital of Chad: N'Djamena
- Cities of Chad
Demography of Chad
- Main article: Demographics of Chad
Government and politics of Chad
- Main article: Government of Chad and Politics of Chad
- Form of government: presidential republic
- Capital of Chad: N'Djamena
- Elections in Chad
- (specific elections)
- Political parties in Chad
- Political scandals of Chad
- Taxation in Chad
Branches of government
Main article: Government of ChadExecutive branch of the government of Chad
- Head of country: President of Chad,
- Head of government: Prime Minister of Chad,
- Cabinet of Chad
Legislative branch of the government of Chad
- Parliament of Chad (bicameral)
- Upper house: Senate of Chad
- Lower house: House of Commons of Chad
Judicial branch of the government of Chad
Main article: Court system of ChadForeign relations of Chad
Main article: Foreign relations of ChadInternational organization membership
The Republic of Chad is a member of:[1]
Law and order in Chad
- Main article: Law of Chad
- Capital punishment in Chad
- Constitution of Chad
- Crime in Chad
- Human rights in Chad
- Law enforcement in Chad
Military of Chad
- Main article: Military of Chad
- Command
- Commander-in-chief:
- Ministry of Defence of Chad
- Commander-in-chief:
- Forces
- Army of Chad
- Navy of Chad
- Air Force of Chad
- Special forces of Chad
- Military history of Chad
- Military ranks of Chad
Local government in Chad
Main article: Local government in ChadHistory of Chad
- Main article: History of Chad, Timeline of the history of Chad, and Current events of Chad
- Economic history of Chad
- Military history of Chad
Culture of Chad
- Main article: Culture of Chad
- Architecture of Chad
- Chadian cuisine
- Ethnic minorities in Chad
- Festivals in Chad
- Humor in Chad
- Languages of Chad
- Media in Chad
- National symbols of Chad
- Coat of arms of Chad
- Flag of Chad
- National anthem of Chad
- People of Chad
- Prostitution in Chad
- Public holidays in Chad
- Records of Chad
- Religion in Chad
- Buddhism in Chad
- Christianity in Chad
- Hinduism in Chad
- Islam in Chad
- Judaism in Chad
- Sikhism in Chad
- World Heritage Sites in Chad: None
Art in Chad
- Art in Chad
- Cinema of Chad
- Literature of Chad
- Music of Chad
- Television in Chad
- Theatre in Chad
Sports in Chad
- Main article: Sports in Chad
Economy and infrastructure of Chad
- Main article: Economy of Chad
- Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 128th (one hundred and twenty eighth)
- Agriculture in Chad
- Banking in Chad
- National Bank of Chad
- Communications in Chad
- Internet in Chad
- Companies of Chad
- Currency of Chad: Franc
- Economic history of Chad
- Energy in Chad
- Energy policy of Chad
- Oil industry in Chad
- Health care in Chad
- Mining in Chad
- Chad Stock Exchange
- Tourism in Chad
- Transport in Chad
- Airports in Chad
- Rail transport in Chad
- Roads in Chad
- Water supply and sanitation in Chad
Education in Chad
- Main article: Education in Chad
Health in Chad
Main article: Health in ChadSee also
Main article: Chad- All pages beginning with "Chad"
- All pages with titles containing "Chad"
- All pages beginning with "Chadian"
- All pages with titles containing "Chadian"
- Index of Chad-related articles
- List of Chad-related topics
- List of international rankings
- Member state of the United Nations
- Outline of Africa
- Outline of geography
References
- ^ a b "Chad". The World Factbook. United States Central Intelligence Agency. July 3, 2009. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cd.html. Retrieved July 23, 2009.
- ^ The only glaciers in Africa are on Mt Kenya (in Kenya), on Kilimanjaro (in Tanzania), and in the Ruwenzori Mountains (which are located in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo). See Proceedings of the Riederalp Workshop, September 1978; Actes de l'Atelier de Riederalp, septembre 1978): IAHS-AISH Publ. no. 126, 1980.
External links
- (French) Official government site
- (French) Official presidency site
- Chad Embassy — Washington DC
Chad topicsHistory Kanem-Bornu Empire · Kingdom of Baguirmi · Ouaddai Empire · French Colonial Period · The Tombalbaye Regime · Civil wars · Malloum's military government · Transitional government · Chadian-Libyan conflict · Battle of N'DjamenaPolitics Geography Economy and infrastructure Culture and society Communications · Demographics · Education · Ethnic groups · Health · Holidays · Languages · Literature · Media · Music · ReligionOutlines General reference · Culture and the arts · Geography and places · Health and fitness · History and events · Mathematics and logic · Natural and physical sciences · People and self · Philosophy and thinking · Religion and belief systems · Society and social sciences · Technology and applied sciencesCategories:- Outlines of countries
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- Chad-related lists
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