Orbexilum stipulatum

Largestipule leather-root
Conservation status
Presumed Extinct (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Tribe:	Psoraleeae
Genus:	Orbexilum
Species:	O. stipulatum
Binomial name
Orbexilum stipulatum (Torr.) A. Gray

Orbexilum stipulatum, commonly known as Largestipule leather-root or Falls-of-the-Ohio Scurfpea, was a flowering plant that was endemic to Rock Island in the Falls of the Ohio; an area of rapids and rocky limestone outcrops in Kentucky's portion of the Ohio River. It has not be seen alive since 1881 and is presumed to be extinct.^[2]

Overview

Orbexilum stipulatum is thought to have been associated with large herbivore congregations. Rock Island in the Falls of the Ohio area was the shallowest part of the Ohio River, which historically was heavily used for the migration of American buffalo. The plant's population may have collapsed following the eradication of buffalo. If this factor alone had not extirpated Orbexilum stipulatum already, Rock Island and the associated rapids were flooded in the 1920s by the creation of US Dam 21, which sealed the fate for Orbexilum stipulatum at the Falls of the Ohio.

Although all searches to rediscover Orbexilum stipulatum have thus far been unsuccessful, two other species strongly associated with buffalo that were once thought to be extinct, Trifolium stoloniferum and Solidago shortii, have been rediscovered on old buffalo trails and a mineral lick. Solidago shortii also once had a population on Rock Island. Orbexilum stipulatum differs however in that in the 20 years it was monitored by botanists it was never once observed to produce seed, further casting doubt as to its ability to have colonized beyond Rock Island.^[3]

References

1. ^ "Orbexilum stipulatum". NatureServe. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?searchName=Orbexilum+stipulatum+. Retrieved 2011-09-23. 
2. ^ Baskin, J.M., D. Isely, and C.C. Baskin. 1986. Geographical origin of the specimens of Orbexilum stipulatum (T. & G.) Rydb. (Psoralea stipulata T. & G.). Castanea 51(3): 207-210.
3. ^ http://www.herbarium.unc.edu/9-10-07.pdf The Heartbreak of Psoralea