Kà

Kà
A billboard for Kà at the MGM Grand Las Vegas
Company	Cirque du Soleil
Genre	Contemporary circus
Show type	Resident show
Date of premiere	February 3, 2005
Location	MGM Grand, Las Vegas
Creative team
Creator and director	Robert Lepage
Director of creation	Guy Caron
Theatre and set designer	Mark Fisher
Costume designer	Marie-Chantale Vaillancourt
Composer	René Dupéré
Choreographer	Jacques Heim
Lighting designer	Luc Lafortune
Sound designer	Jonathan Deans
Interactive projections	Holger Förterer
Puppet designer	Michael Curry
Props designer	Patricia Ruel
Acrobatic equipment and rigging designer	Jaque Paquin
Aerial acrobatics designer and head coach, creation	André Simard
Makeup designer	Nathalie Gagné
Company founder and CEO	Guy Laliberté
Other information
Preceded by	Zumanity (2003)
Succeeded by	Corteo (2005)
Official website

Kà is a show by Cirque du Soleil at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. Created and directed by Robert Lepage, the show and the theater cost $220 million to develop.^[1]

Kà is the first Cirque du Soleil production that deviates from the company's usual format—the production presents a more straightforward story, unlike the more abstract visuals presented by other Cirque productions.

In its review, the Los Angeles Times stated it "may well be the most lavish production in the history of Western theater. It is surely the most technologically advanced."^[2] The New York Times highly praised all the technical aspects and costumes, but felt that it did not succeed in a particularly compelling story, rather it was "essentially about the kind of wild physical feats that all Cirque shows are about, their jaw-dropping effect multiplied by the huge dimensions of the theatrical space."^[3] The show has been seen by more than one million spectators since its opening in February 2005.^[4]

Set and technical information

Kà lacks a conventional stage with a permanent floor; instead, two giant moving platforms and five smaller lifts and platforms appear to float through a bottomless space. A narrow boardwalk separates the audience from a deep abyss where the stage floor would normally be. From the stage level of the boardwalk up to the high grid is 98 feet (30 m), and the pit drops 51 feet (16 m) below, amounting to a total of some 15 stories from the highest ceiling grid to the lowest floor level. The opening width and depth of the performance area are each 120 feet (37 m).^[5] This enormous performance space is reconfigured with each scene change by the complex movements of the show's lifts and platforms.

The largest moveable platform employed in the show, the Sand Cliff Deck, measures 25×50×6 feet (7.6×15×1.8 m) and weighs 50 tons.^[6] A vertical gantry crane supports and controls the Sand Cliff Deck, lifting the platform up and down 72 feet (22 m), rotating it 360 degrees and tilting it from flat to 100 degrees. This is attached to four 75-foot-long (23 m) hydraulic cylinders that run along two support columns. The Sand Cliff Deck is equipped with show and work lights, circular elevators to bring performers in and out, 80 'rod actuators' that sprout from the floor surface to enable performers to climb it when it is tilted vertically, and video projection tiles that allow computer generated images to appear on the floor of the deck. In one scene, the entire deck is covered with 350 cubic feet (9.9 m³) of imported granular cork from Portual which creates the realistic appearance of a beach.^[5][7]

The second largest platform, the Tatami Deck, is a cantilevered 30-by-30-foot (9.1 × 9.1 m) platform located upstage of the Sand Cliff Deck. It weighs 75,000 pounds (34,000 kg), and slides in and out like a drawer to provide a horizontal stage and carry massive set pieces such as the Wheel of Death.^[5]

These two decks can appear alone or together or simply disappear from view; they can move in front of, behind, above or below each other.

The theater and stage were designed by British architect Mark Fisher, the structural design of the stage platforms by New York engineer Mal McLaren, and the torsion tube, wrist, arm assembly for the deck built by Timberland Equipment, a company that normally builds mining equipment.

In 2008, Kà's unique floating stages earned the production the prestigious Thea Award for Outstanding Technical Achievement from the Themed Entertainment Association.^[5]

Effects

Kà combines complex automation, pyrotechnics, puppetry, and multimedia projections that help immerse the audience in the story.

Sound and video

The Kà theater, which has a capacity of 1950 people, is equipped with a total of 4774 loudspeaker drivers in 2139 cabinets: a pair of speakers at ear level in every seat and hundreds more strategically placed around the auditorium.^[8] The digitally mixed audio system routes an intricate mix of sound effects and music to these speakers to create a very dynamic surround-sound audio experience.^[9] Sound effects can be targeted, manipulated and customized to any of 16 seating zones.^[8]

The multimedia projection in the show utilizes both infrared video motion detecting as well as a system of touch-sensitive panels beneath the surface of the main 'Sand Cliff' deck. This allows the system to track the location of individual performers and change the video content accordingly. A similar example of the infrared portion of this technology can be seen in some movie theater lobbies where people can step on and burst video projected bubbles.^[7][10]

Safety

Kà takes safety very seriously in the form of technical implementations as well as training. Such areas include power sources, fire precautions, falling, harness equipment, and other such items among many others. As an example, many performers wear earpieces during the show in order to hear cues when they can perform various stunts safely.^[11]

Due to the speed in which artists fall from the decks, an array of airbags had to be used en lieu of traditional nets alone. These airbags sit atop two nets, which at times are 70 feet (21 m) below the point the artist begins the fall. The airbags contain individual cells which can inflate and deflate independently. In case a power outage occurs, each airbag has its own uninterruptible power supply which can last up to 30 minutes.^[11]

The sandcliff deck has pegs built into it which are used during the Climb scene. Each peg has a sensor which will not allow it to shoot out from the deck if something is blocking its path. These pegs shoot out at a speed of 19 feet per second (5.8 m/s), simulating arrows striking the surface.^[12] Likewise, each peg can only retract with 20 pounds (9.1 kg) of pressure. Thus if someone were hanging off of it, the peg would stay in place. If something were to go wrong with the deck, a set of backup pegs are in place which can be utilized as a safety ladder to allow performers to exit the deck safely.^[11]

As for the aerial rigging system which allows performs to perform tricks in the air while harnessed, it too has safety features. If a harness or wire were to fail, a fail-safe mechanism is in place which would lower the performer to the stage or in the aisles to safely detach from the cabling system.^[11]

As the Kà theatre is inside the MGM, it too is integrated into the building's fire suppression system. During the show, stage managers must contact hotel security and ask that the fire officer override the fire detection equipment in the theatre during the duration of any pyrotechnic and fire stunts.^[11]

Cast

A team of over 300 people make up the production team for Kà, ranging from technicians to support staff.^[13] Eighty people from this team comprise the on-stage artists and performers.^[14][15]

• Archers and Spearmen: They try to destroy the empire.
• Chief Archer's daughter: She is desired by the villains but is not interested in them. As she falls in love with the Twin Brother, she finds her loyalty divided.
• Counselor: He is the antagonist of the storyline.
• Counselor's son: He is also a villan, and also tries to win the heart of the Chief Archer's daughter.
• Court jester: He helps protect the Twin Brother.
• Firefly boy: He is the ultimate protecter of the forest and beloved of the Twin Sister after he saves her from falling to her death. He is also the one who decides the fate of Kà.
• Forest people: They live harmoniously with nature in the forests, and they offer protection to the Twin Sister.
• Nursemaid: She provides companionship to the Twin Sister.
• Mountain tribe: They live isolated from the empire in the mountaintop. During the story they help save the Twin Sister.
• Twins: They are brother and sister and are children of the imperial court, playing the protagonists of the story.
• Valets: They help protect the Twins.

Choreography

The choreography incorporates several types of acrobatics and martial arts, including fight scenes using the Wushu style of martial arts, Chinese opera, Poi for manipulating staves and batons, Brazilian Capoeira dance, bungees, aerial straps, swing poles, and a wheel of death.

Acts

Kà is a story about "conflict and love", of "imperial twins who are separated at the prime of their youth and must undergo a rite of passage of self-discovery. It is about their encounters with Kà, the fire that has the dual power to destroy or illuminate."^[16]

Unlike other Cirque du Soleil performances, Kà offers four pre-shows. Once the house opens, guests are greeted by the villagers of Kà ("Gatekeepers") with different professions such the mayor and his wife, the healer, the gossip, and so on. Twenty minutes before curtain, two musicians enter the lobby and climb up to two stringed instruments specially designed for Kà and integrated into the architecture. Ten minutes before the show, actors appear in the metal framework to the left and right of the stage and perform flips and leaps assisted with ropes to dive into the audience and attempt to scare viewers. Five minutes before showtime, a staged act informs the audience that there is no flash photography or cell phone usage allowed.

The story is told in a total of fourteen scenes, each of which is preceded by movement of one or more of the massive stage elements.

• Pageant: Kà begins with the stage set as a ship. The twins are returning home, and preparations are in motion for their arrival. The boat docks, and the entire royal family is united. The court celebrates the return of the twins by displaying fantastic feats in a pageant, while the twins each perform together on their flutes. Just as the celebration comes to a close, pandemonium erupts when the court is attacked by a group of archers. The twins watch in horror as their parents, The Emperor and Empress, are assassinated in front of their eyes.^[17]

• Storm: As the palace burns to the ground, the surviving members flee for their lives. Accompanied by their nursemaid, Twin Sister and Twin Brother attempt to escape to a boat that will take them to safety. However, the Twin Brother is left behind, shot down by an arrow. The Court Jester jumps off the boat to save the Twin Brother from his impending doom. The boat escapes, only to sink in a terrible storm.^[18]

• Deep: As a soft piano and cello duet plays, the Nursemaid nearly drowns in the water. The Twin Sister dives into the depths to rescue her, and quickly swims to the surface with the Nursemaid in tow.^[19]

• Archer's Den: As light returns, the stage is now the Archer's Den. The Chief Archer, the Evil Counselor, and their men celebrate the destruction of the Imperial Palace. The Counselor's Son unveils a model of the Death Machine that he designed to "grind bones with the magical ore to unleash the destructive power of fire" and use it to kill and destroy all that stand in the Archers' path to conquer the Empire. ^[20]

• Wash-up on the Shore: The Twin Sister, her Nursemaid, and the two Valets are reunited on a golden sandy beach. As they explore, they encounter giant sea creatures, including a crab, a turtle, and a starfish. The group then leaves to search for other survivors.^[21]

• Shadow Play: In the meantime, the Court Jester and the Twin Brother have taken refuge in a cave. The Jester gently tries to nurse the Twin Brother's wounds. To distract him from his pain and fear, the Jester teaches the Twin Brother the art of shadow puppets. This beautiful moment is spoiled by the archers, who, watching at a distance, plot their capture of the two. The Jester hears a sound and investigates, leaving Twin Brother alone. The Twin Brother turns and sees the face of the Chief Archer's Daughter. Their eyes meet but are interrupted as the Archers leap out and capture him. The Chief Archer's Daughter watches helplessly as the Twin Brother is carried away.^[22]

• Climb: Meanwhile, the Twin Sister and her entourage are scaling a mountain when they are also attacked by the Archers. The Archers do not capture them, but the group becomes separated.^[23]

• Blizzard: The Twin Sister and the Nursemaid are reunited through the assistance of a friendly mountain tribe, but the Archers also manage to find the clan.^[24]

• Flight: Under the threat of being captured by the Archers, the mountain tribe saves the Twin Sister by revealing their escape device — a simple tent dwelling that transforms into a miraculous human-powered flying machine. The group escapes but the Twin Sister falls from the machine, plunging into a deep, lush forest.^[25]

• Twin Brother in Captivity: The stage returns to the Archer's Den, where the Twin Brother is imprisoned in a small cage. The Chief Archer's Daughter watches from a distance, holding the flutes that the twins played before their lives were changed forever. All seems lost for the Twin Brother until he finds a friend in the kind-natured Chief Archer's Daughter, who dares to approach him. She passes the flutes to the Twin Brother, he begins to play and when she leans towards the cage for a closer look at him, he leans forward to steal a brief kiss. Although the Chief Archer's Daughter is taken aback, as she turns away from the Twin Brother it is obvious that she has also become smitten by him. After their tender moment and after great hesitation, the Chief Archer's Daughter sets the Twin Brother free from his cage, begging him to flee. Before he does, the Twin Brother makes a decision — he returns to her his flutes, the precious ceremonial gifts that were treasured by their kingdom. The Twin Brother then escapes, leaving the Chief Archer's Daughter in hope they will meet again. She cannot hide her joy — she expresses her love through a touching performance of dance using the twins' flutes. All of this is secretly witnessed by the Counselor's Son, who has desired the Chief Archer's Daughter for years. Engulfed by rage and jelousy of his unrequited love, he prepares for war.^[26]

• Forest People: The stage lights up again revealing the lush forest into which the Twin Sister has fallen. The magical forest is home to many creatures, including enormous insects and a 80-foot (24 m) long snake. As the Twin Sister falls, a dashing creature comes to her rescue. It is the Firefly Boy, who lives within the forest. He swoops down and rescues her, before inviting her to dance within in the trees with him. Perched high above in the vines is one of the singers, singing a sweet and exotic melody for their acrobatic dance. Knowing that she must continue her search for her brother, the Twin Sister reluctantly leaves.^[27]

• Slave Cage: Back at the Archers' Den, the Death Machine has been completed and the enslaved former citizens of the Empire (including the captured Nursemaid and Valets) toil away in the mines. The Evil Counselor and his son now sense that they have enough support and admiration amongst the Archers’ forcing them to capture the Chief Archer and assuming command of the Archers' forces. The fiendish Death Machine (Wheel of Death) is powered by slaves running in hamster-wheel cages on both ends of a long rotating pendulum arm. We recognize the two slaves in the Wheel of Death as former members of the Imperial Court. While operating the machine, the slaves escape out of the cage and brazenly taunt their captives by performing elaborate and dangerous stunts on the moving Death Machine. The enslaved Empire is inspired by the courage of the two slaves and while the Archers are distracted by the events, the Empire rises up and revolts against its captors. The bravery of the two slaves in the Wheel of Death begins to turn the tide in the war. In the conclusion, the Chief Archer’s daughter is able to rescue her father from captivity and the Twins are finally reunited.^[28]

• Battle Begins: An army, led by the Evil Counselor and his son, is preparing to crush the remains of the empire once and for all. With the aid of the Firefly Boy and the people of the forest, the Twins lead a counter attack and are victorious. In the Aftermath, we hear the cries of sorrow from the Counselor. He rushes to the side of his son, who apparently lies dying in the center of the battlefield. The stage slowly disappears into darkness.^[29]

• Aftermath: The stage lights up for a final time, revealing the same boat the twins used to return to the land. Triumphant after the battle, peace and harmony has been restored to all of the empire. The twins now rule the empire, and each has married their beloved met on their journey. The Chief Archer has vowed peace, and symbolizes this by breaking his bow over his knee. The Counselor's Son also returns. Although not dead, he has been blinded by the battle. To show he has realized the error of his ways, he makes a magnificent display through fireworks. Kà ends the way it started; in celebration.^[30]

Costumes

Asian visual iconography was the inspiration for many of the costumes in Kà: this can be seen in the imperial court and martial artists wardrobes. The Twins, for instance, have very lavish silk costumes which draw inspiration from orientalist painters from Japan, Korea, and India.^[31]

Cirque du Soleil utilized a new type of digital screen printing in order to design many costumes for Kà, examples of which can be seen in the Forest People, Archers, and the Counselor's Son. The Forest People's costumes rely on printing the performers' body definitions onto the actual fabric to enhance the appearance of making their skin actually look like it is truly blue and green. Inspiration was drawn from the African Maasai warriors' ritual scar markings. As for the Archers, skin-toned Tactel was selected and tattoo designs were printed on it to make the Archers' tattoos look truly realistic. They also have moulded rubber toes attached to their shoes, giving the appearance that they are barefoot. Tattooing techniques used for the Archers were also applied to the Counselor's Son. In addition, a ripped piece of kilt is superimposed on his costume; this was made by using "shibori" (a Japanese tye-dyeing technique).^[31]

The crab puppets seen in the beach scene each took approximately 1,300 hours to create.^[7]

Music

Kà features an off-stage band that accompanies the acting, acrobatics, and singing that takes place on stage. During various portions of the show, different musicians make appearances in the show, performing in costume directly on the stage. The vocals in Kà are provided by a mezzo-soprano and an alto voice, both of which are female.

Originally, Kà's score was to be composed by Benoit Jutras.^[32] However, Jutras left the show because of creative differences, and the music of Kà was composed by René Dupéré, who has composed music for multiple other Cirque productions, including Mystère at Treasure Island, and Cirque's touring production of Alegría.

The soundtrack for Kà was released on the 18th of October, 2005. In addition to the original score, the soundtrack features several 'inspired by' tracks. Although the album is somewhat remixed, most of the content remains faithful to the show.

The original album artwork of Kà, 2005.

Conducted by Hollywood veteran Simon Leclerc and co-produced, arranged and engineered by Martin Lord-Ferguson, the Kà soundtrack features a symphonic orchestra of 57 musicians and a choir of over 40 singers, making Kà Cirque du Soleil's most "ambitious recording to date."^[33] The album features the voices of Élise Velle (René Dupéré's wife) and a young soprano boy named Philippe Lapan-Vandal. In addition, the 'inspired by' tracks, with the exception of "If I Could Reach Your Heart" (performed by Élise Velle), feature the voice of Canadian world artist Nitza Melas.

Through the music of Kà, René Dupéré attempts to provoke various emotions and moods such as drama, emergency, serenity, passion, and even "the birth of love". Dupéré describes the music with an "African flavor" and states that he wants the audience to feel that the show is "full of energy". He says that the music is not intended to sound as though it belongs to a specific time frame. "It could be from medieval times or even 200 years in the future...the music itself is ageless."^[34]

The tracks on the Kà soundtrack are listed below.^[35]

1. O Makundé
2. Pageant
3. Koudamare
4. Storm
5. Deep
6. Shadowplay
7. Pursuit
8. Forest
9. Flight
10. Threat
11. Love Dance
12. Battlefield
13. Aftermath
14. If I Could Reach Your Heart
15. We've Been Waiting So Long
16. Reach For Me Now

Further information: Cirque du Soleil discography

In popular culture

• Footage of Kà was featured in the premiere of the seventh season of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, "Built To Kill, Part 1."
• Kà was a part of the 2007 NBA All-Star Game half-time show.
• Kà was also featured in an episode of Really Big Things on the Discovery Channel.
• Repair of the Sand Cliff Deck from Kà was documented in an episode of World's Toughest Fixes on the National Geographic Channel.
• The Kà theater was used as the set for episode 14 of the 2007 season of MTV's Road Rules series.
• The performers from Kà participated in part 1 of the first season finale of Top Chef on Bravo.^[36]
• On 28 December 2007 the German national TV channel ZDF made history when they aired Kà.^{[37][further explanation needed]}
• German national TV channel ZDF later aired a backstage documentary named Kà Backstage in parallel to the show Kà, allowing the viewers to switch between the channels with the same timeline. This documentary included never seen before behind-the-scenes night vision shots of the crew preparing the next sets while the show was running.
• "Battlefield" was featured as the percussion break in Phantom Regiment's 2008 field show "Spartacus."^[38]
• On June 27, 2011, at a San Diego Padres Game, 10 members of Kà participated in elements of the game including the first pitch, national anthem, and warm-up during the 7th-inning stretch. They also performed traditional Chinese and Brazilian martial arts during a pregame performance.^[39]
• On July 21, 2011, artists from Kà performed for San Diego Comic-Con International. The performance took place on a vertical stage created by the use of an outside façade of Petco Park.^[40][41]

References

Coordinates: 36°06′08″N 115°10′10″W / 36.102220°N 115.169516°W / 36.102220; -115.169516

1. ^ "KA Cirque du Soleil show review". LasVegas.com.. http://shop.lasvegas.com/shows/showtimes2.jsp?show=727&lang=en&src=tix&display=. 
2. ^ Mark Swed, Epic, extravagant, Los Angeles Times, February 5, 2005, Accessed December 21, 2010.
3. ^ Charles Isherwood, Fire, Acrobatics and Most of All, Hydraulics, The New York Times, February 5, 2005, Accessed December 21, 2010.
4. ^ "Cirque du Soleil - Press Room - Resident Shows - KÀ - About the show". Cirque du Soleil. http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/CirqueDuSoleil/en/Pressroom/residentshows/ka/about/default.htm. Retrieved November 4, 2009. 
5. ^ ^{a b c d} "Kà Floating Stages" (PDF). 14th Annual Thea Awards Program and Publication 2008. Themed Entertainment Association. http://www.teaconnect.org/thea_14annual/ka.pdf. Retrieved 9-25-09. 
6. ^ Gabriel Dube-Dupuis (Director), Martin Bolduc (Executive Producer), Pierre Gang (Producer), Monique Gignac (Producer) (2005). KÀ EXTREME (DVD). Quebec, Canada: Productions Conte Inc.. 
7. ^ ^{a b c} "Kà, a few facts about the show". Cirque du Soleil. http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ka/about/facts.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-14. 
8. ^ ^{a b} Jackson, Blair (April 1, 2006). "Cirque Du Soleil Shakes Up Las Vegas (Again) With KÀ". Mix: Professional Audio and Music Production. http://mixonline.com/mag/audio_cirque_du_soleil/. Retrieved 11-10-2009. 
9. ^ Jonathan Deans (Sound Designer) (2005). KÀ EXTREME (DVD). Quebec, Canada: Productions Conte, Inc. 
10. ^ "Holger Förterer, Interactive Projections Designer". Cirque du Soleil. http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ka/creators/holger-forterer.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-14. 
11. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Backstage at Cirque du Soleil's Kà, Part One Setting the Awesome Stage". TechCrunch. 2011-04-17. http://techcrunch.com/2011/04/17/backstage-at-cirque-du-soleils-ka-part-one-setting-the-awesome-stage/. Retrieved 2011-04-18. 
12. ^ "Kà, About - Behind the Scenes - Safe Practice". Cirque du Soleil. http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ka/about/behind-the-scene/a-thomas/safe-practice.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-18. 
13. ^ "Kà - Behind the Scene - Comments". Cirque du Soleil. http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ka/about/behind-the-scene/anniversary/comments.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-14. 
14. ^ "Kà - About - Introduction". Cirque du Soleil. http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ka/about/intro.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-14. 
15. ^ "Kà - Characters". Cirque du Soleil (Press Material). http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/press/kits/shows/ka/resources/characters.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-14. 
16. ^ Robert Lepage (Kà Creator) (2005). KÀ EXTREME (DVD). Quebec, Canada: Productions Conte, Inc. 
17. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Pageant
18. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Storm
19. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Deep
20. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Archer's Den
21. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Wash-up on the Shore
22. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Shadow Play
23. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Climb
24. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Blizzard
25. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Flight
26. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Twin Brother in Captivity
27. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Forest People
28. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Slave Cage
29. ^ KÀ Scenes: The Battle Begins
30. ^ KÀ Scenes: Aftermath
31. ^ ^{a b} Clément, Ronald (2009) (in CN, EN, FR, JP). Cirque du Soleil 25 Years of Costumes. Canada: Dépôt légal, Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. pp. 80–81. ISBN 978-2-9803493-4-8. 
32. ^ Cirque Tribune Discussion Forum
33. ^ Official Soundtracks: KÀ
34. ^ Listen as René talks about: The KÀ Album
35. ^ "Kà original soundtrack". Cirque du Soleil. http://www.cirquedusoleil.com/en/shows/ka/extras/music.aspx. Retrieved 2011-04-14. 
36. ^ "Top Chef's Odd Cirque Diss". Lonely Planet. 2009-10-14. http://www.lonelyplanet.com/travelblogs/25/10709/Top+Chef's+Odd+Cirque+Diss?destId=362150. Retrieved 2011-04-19. 
37. ^ "Cirque du Soleil: KÀ". ZDF.DE. http://www.zdf.de/ZDFde/inhalt/10/0,1872,7130186,00.html. Retrieved 29 December 2007. ^{[dead link]}
38. ^ "Phantom Regiment 2008 Program". Phantom Regiment - Dru & Bugle Corps. http://www.regiment.org/history/programs2008.cfm. Retrieved 2011-04-19. 
39. ^ "Padres welcome artists from Kà by Cirque du Soleil to Petco Park". June 21, 2011. http://sandiego.padres.mlb.com/content/printer_friendly/sd/y2011/m06/d21/c20811708.jsp. Retrieved June 28, 2011. 
40. ^ "Ka to Debut at Comic-Con". BestOfVegas.com. http://www.bestofvegas.com/articles/Ka-To-Debut-at-Comic-Con/. Retrieved August 4, 2011. 
41. ^ "Comic-Con 2011: Cirque du Soleil acrobats make like Spider-Man". LA Times. July 22, 2011. http://herocomplex.latimes.com/2011/07/22/comic-con-2011-cirque-du-soleil-acrobats-make-like-spider-man/. Retrieved August 4, 2011. 

External links

• Kà on Cirque du Soleil's website
• Kà on Mark Fisher's website (Fisher is Kà's theater and set designer)