- List of musical instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number: 321.321
-
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.321 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked bowl lutes.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments)
- 32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
- 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
- 321.321: Instrument whose body is shaped like a bowl (necked bowl lutes)
- 321.32: Instrument in which the handle is attached to, or carved from, the resonator, like a neck (necked lutes)
- 321.3: Instruments in which the string bearer is a plain handle (handle lutes)
- 321: Instruments in which the strings run in a plane parallel to the sound table
- 32: Instruments in which the resonator and string bearer are physically united and can not be separated without destroying the instrument
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
List
Instrument Tradition Complete classification Description angélique French classical music 321.321 Pear-shaped, plucked, with 15-17 strings archlute
Italian arciliuto, Erzlaute, АрхилютняWestern classical music 321.321 Plucked baglamas Greece 321.321 Pear-shaped, long-necked bağlama Middle East and Central Asia 321.321 balalaika[1] Russia 321.321 Triangle-shaped lute-type instrument bandora 321.321 bandura[2] Ukraine 321.321 Diatonic, unfretted lute-like string instrument, traditionally carved from a single block of wood banduria[3] Philippines 321.321 Pear-shaped mandolin-like instrument, part of the rondalla tradition of ensemble playing of plucked instruments including bandurias, octavinas, lauds, guitars, and basses. bandurria 321.321 banhu China 321.321 Two-stringed, bowed instrument banzouki 321.321 barbat Persian 321.321 biwa Japan 321.321 Short-necked, fretted bouzouki[4] Greece, Modern 321.321 String instrument with a pear-shaped body and a long neck, played with plectrum bouzouki, Irish 321.321 buzuq Middle Eastern 321.321 Long-necked, fretted charango [5]
charangaBolivia 321.321-6 Fretted, hollow-bodied bowl lute, usually with four or five doubled strings, with as many as eleven tunings, traditionally made from an armadillo shell charango [6]
charanga, chilladorPeru 321.321-6 Guitar-like instrument, most commonly with ten strings in two courses and made from an armadillo back chillador 321.321 Small fretted instrument chitarra Italiana Renaissance Italy 321.322 Plucked cimboa Cape Verde 321.322 Bowed cittern 321.321 daguangxian China 321.321 Bowed dambura Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan 321.321 Wooden plucked instrument Đàn gáo Vietnam 321.321 Bowed two-stringed instrument Đàn tỳ bà Vietnam 321.321 Plucked four-stringed instrument dangubica Croatia 321.321 dilruba India 321.321 dombra[7][8] Central Asia 321.321-6 Fretted, long-necked lute with a round body, played by plucking with a plectrum domra Russia 321.321 dotara Bangladesh 321.321 dranyen[9]
dranyen, dramnyenBhutan 321.321 Seven-stringed lute, fretless, long-necked and double-waisted with rosette-shaped sound hole dutar Central Asia 321.321 Long-necked, two-stringed instrument erhu China 321.321 Two-stringed, bowed instrument erxian China, especially Cantonese 321.321 Two-stringed, bowed instrument esraj India 321.321 gadulka Bulgaria 321.321 gambus Arab 321.321 gusle[10][11]
guslaSoutheastern Europe 321.321-71 Stringed instrument, round, typically with one string bound at the top of the neck with a tuning peg huluhu China 321.321 Two-stringed, bowed instrument igil Tuva 321.321 jing erhu China 321.321 kamancheh Persian 321.321 kobyz Kazakhstan 321.321 komuz[12][13]
kopuzKyrgyzstan 321.321 Three-stringed fretless lute, made from wood with gut strings laúd Spain 321.321 liuqin China 321.321 Four-stringed mandolin[14] Italy 321.321 Stringed instrument
Mandolin performance (help·info)mandolin, octave 321.321 mando-bass 321.321 Bass mandolin mandocello 321.321 mandola 321.321 mandolute 321.321 mandriola 321.321 orpharion 321.321 oud [15] Arab 321.321-6 Pear-shaped fretless stringed instrument, with five courses of two strings and a single eleventh string, a bent back and a bowl-shaped body, often with up to three soundholes, played with a pick pandur Chechnya 321.321 pandura 321.321 panduri Georgia 321.321 pipa[16] China 321.321-5 Pear-shaped bowl lute with a neck, played by plucking rubab[1][17]
rababAfghanistan 321.321-6 Short-necked three-stringed lute with sympathetic and drone strings, fretted and plucked with a plectrum, with a double-chambered body, the lower part of which is covered in skin, and with three main strings sallaneh 321.321 Saraswati veena India 321.321 Šargija Southeastern Europe 321.321 saz[18][19]
bağlama, kopuzTurkey 321.321-6 Fretted lute with a long neck, pear-shaped body, and three courses of seven steel strings sitar India 321.321 surbahar India 321.321 tamburica[20][21]
tamburitzaCroatia 321.321 Lute-like stringed instrument with a long neck, picked or strummed, variable number of strings theorbo 321.321 tricordia 321.321 References
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal (The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14) 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
Notes
- ^ a b ARC music; Peter McClelland. "Glossary of Folk Instruments". Hobgoblin Music. http://www.hobgoblin-usa.com/info/glossary.htm. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Jarosewich, Irene. "Roman Hrynkiv hopes to give the bandura international stature". Ukraine Weekly. http://www.ukrweekly.com/Archive/1999/229919.shtml. Retrieved December 17, 2007. "The bandura will always be known as Ukraine's national instrument."[dead link]
- ^ Aning, Jerome (November 23, 2007). "Rondalla maestro makes strong pitch for banduria". Inquirer Entertainment. Inquirer. http://showbizandstyle.inquirer.net/entertainment/entertainment/view_article.php?article_id=102634. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Grahn, Göran (April 1999). "Review of Musikkens Tjenere - Instrument - Forsker - Musiker by Mette Müller and Lisbet Torp". The Galpin Society Journal 52: 367–368. JSTOR 842547.
- ^ Baumann, Max Peter (1997). "Review of Bolivie: Charangos et guitarrillas du Norte Potosi by Florindo Alvis and Jean-Marc Grassler". Yearbook for Traditional Music 29 (1997): 200–201. JSTOR 768327.
- ^ Bennett, Caroline. "Music in Peru". Viva Travel Guides. http://www.vivatravelguides.com/south-america/peru/peru-overview/music-in-peru/. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Levin, Theodore C.. "Kazakhstan". National Geographic World Music. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/kazakhstan_672?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Mirseitova, Sapargul (2005). "Kazakhstan and Its People" (pdf). WLT Kids. World Literature Today. http://www.ou.edu/wltkids/Pdf_files_Kazakh/WLTKids_May-Aug05-1Intro.pdf. Retrieved February 18, 2008.
- ^ Broughton, Simon; Mark Ellingham (2000). World Music. James McConnachie. Rough Guides. ISBN 1858286360.
- ^ "Montenegrin Music". Visit Montenegro. http://www.visit-montenegro.com/montenegro-music.htm. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "'Spinning Out of Control': Rhetoric and Violent Conflict" (pdf). June 1, 2006. pp. 4. http://www.hf.uio.no/ilos/forskning/forskningsprosjekter/spinning/resources/Project_outline.pdf. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ "Cobza". Eliznik. 2005. http://www.eliznik.org.uk/RomaniaMusic/cobza.htm. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- ^ Golos, George S. (January 1961). "Kirghiz Instruments and Instrumental Music". Ethnomusicology (Ethnomusicology, Vol. 5, No. 1) 5 (1): 42–48. doi:10.2307/924307. JSTOR 924307.
- ^ Jahnel, Franz; Nicholas Clarke (2000). Manual of Guitar Technology: Chords Especially for Lefties. Bold Strummer. ISBN 0933224990.
- ^ (pdf) Project Results. pp. 2. http://www.davisprojectsforpeace.org/reports/5rep.pdf. Retrieved December 26, 2007.
- ^ Millward, James. "From Camelback to Carnegie Hall: the Global Journey and Modern Makeover of the Pipa". AAS Annual Meeting. http://www.aasianst.org/absts/2007abst/Interarea/I-46.htm. Retrieved December 22, 2007.
- ^ Doubleday, Veronica (2000). "Afghanistan: Red Light at the Crossroads". In Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Eds.). World Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 3–7. ISBN 1858286360.
- ^ "Saz". Glossary. National Geographic. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/glossary/content.glossary/saz. Retrieved December 22, 2007. "Considered the national instrument of Turkey."
- ^ Koprulu, Mehmed Fuad; Devin DeWeese (2006). Early Mystics in Turkish Literature. Translated by Gary Leiser and Robert Dankoff. Routledge. ISBN 0415366860.
- ^ "Croatia". National Geographic World Music. http://worldmusic.nationalgeographic.com/worldmusic/view/page.basic/country/content.country/croatia_869?fs=www3.nationalgeographic.com&fs=plasma.nationalgeographic.com. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
- ^ Erdely, Stephen (1979). "Ethnic Music in the United States: An Overview". Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council (Yearbook of the International Folk Music Council, Vol. 11) 11: 114–137. doi:10.2307/767568. JSTOR 767568. "The tamburitza... is the national instrument of the Croatians."
Categories:- Lists of musical instruments
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments)
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