Min Yeong-hwan

This is a Korean name; the family name is Min.

Min Yeong-hwan
Korean name
Hangul	민영환
Hanja	閔泳煥
Revised Romanization	Min Yeong-hwan
McCune–Reischauer	Min Yŏng-hwan
Courtesy name
Hangul	문약
Hanja	文若
Revised Romanization	Munyak
McCune–Reischauer	Munyak
Posthumous name
Hangul	충정
Hanja	忠正
Revised Romanization	Chungjeong
McCune–Reischauer	Ch'ung-jŏng

Min Yeong-hwan (1861–1905), was a minister of the Korean Empire and known as a conservative proponent for reform. He was born in Seoul into the powerful Min clan and committed suicide as an act of resistance against the Eulsa Treaty imposed by Japan on Korea. He was a nephew of Empress Myeongseong. He is remembered today for his efforts on behalf of Korean independence in the waning days of the Joseon dynasty and a statue to his memory now stands near the gates of Seoul's Changdeok Palace.

Biography

Min's father, Min Gyeomho (민겸호, 閔謙鎬) was a minister in the Ministry of Finance (Hojo). Min Yeong-hwan passed the Gwageo examination in 1878 and thereupon entered into government service as a junior librarian in the Royal Library (Gyujanggak)."^[1]. Min continued to rise through the ranks of Joseon officialdom, holding a succession of posts including a position in the Office of Special Advisors (Hongmungwan 弘文館) and tutor to the Crown Prince. In July 1882 Seoul was shaken by the Soldier's Rebellion triggered by the disgruntled royal palace guards who had not received their wages for several months. During this revolt Min's father was killed. As a result, Min resigned his posts and went into mourning. In 1884, Min reentered public service and was appointed an official of the Board of Personnel (Ijo 吏曹) and successively held various government posts, such as Vice-mayor of Seoul (Hanseong Uyun 漢城右尹). In 1895, Min was appointed as the first ambassador to the United States. However, the murder of his aunt, the Empress Myeongseong, by Japanese troops in October 1895, prevented his taking up the post. In April 1896, Min was appointed special ambassador and sent to Russia to attend the coronation of Czar Nicholas II. After a six month journey Min returned to Korea in late October of the same year. In January 1897, Min was again sent to Europe as Korean envoy to the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria. These journeys served to further convince Min of the necessity of modernization. Upon his return to Korea, Min was an active supportor of the Independence Club, and was interviewed by its newspaper The Independent (Dongnip Sinmun 獨立新聞) .

On November 17, 1905, Japan succeeded in foisting upon Korea the Eulsa Treaty making Korea a Japanese protectorship. It is said that upon hearing of the treaty three days after it had been concluded, Min "fainted several times and vomited blood."^[2] Min and many other officials pleaded with King Gojong to annul the treaty and execute the five Korean officials who had signed it, now widely referred to as the "Five Traitors of Eulsa" (Eulsa ojeok). But, his remonstrances silenced by Japanese force, Min decided to commit suicide as a final act of resistance and protest by a loyal official. On November 30, 1905 Min cut his own throat. After this death, in his pockets were found five identical messages on the back of his calling cards to the representatives of China, Great Britain, the United States, France, and Germany in which he pleaded with those powers to recognize the true situation within Korea. He also left a final message directed towards the people of Korea (see below), in which he promised to help his fellow countrymen "from the nether world" if they would strengthen their collective will and spirit and exercise their learning in an all out effort to "restore our [Korean] freedom and independence."^[3]

Some officials, including Jo Byeongse, Hong Mansik, Yi Sangcheol, and even Min's rickshaw puller, committed suicide following Min's death. Others, perhaps inspired to action by Min's death, joined righteous armies (uibyeong). Min was posthumously conferred with the army's highest rank.

In 1962 Min was again posthumously awarded the Order of Merit for National Foundation.

Blood Bamboo

One year after Min's death, it was widely reported that a bamboo plant appeared where his bloody clothes had been laid. Many people thought the bamboo grew nurtured by Min's blood so that the bamboo was called Hyeoljuk (血竹), or "Blood Bamboo". Amazingly, the number of its leaves was 45, Min's age at the time of his death.

Following its discovery people crowded to witness this bamboo, some taking pictures. The Japanese government thought it was either a natural phenomenon or pure fabrication and sent officials to Min's former home to investigate. Mysteriously, they discovered the bamboo had no roots and was proven not to be fabricated^{[citation needed]}. The Blood Bamboo was preserved and is now housed at the Korea University Museum along with items of Min's clothing and other personal effects.

In East Asian tradition bamboo is a symbol of loyalty and uprightedness.

Last Written Testament of Min Yeong-hwan to the Korean People

Alas! The nation's shame and the people's disgrace have come to this point, where our people are in the midst of a life and death struggle. Usually those who demand to live die, and those who pledge to die live, so, gentlemen, how can you not respond to this? Yǒng-hwan alone by dying repays the emperor's grace and offers an apology to his twenty million fellow countrymen, his brothers, so that even if Yǒng-hwan dies, he is not dead but without fail will help you gentlemen from the nether world. If you, my fellow brothers, make one million times more effort, strengthening this will and spirit, exercising your learning, making an all-out effort with a resolute mind and restore our freedom and independence, then the dead will rejoice from afar and laugh. Oh, do not lose one iota of your desire; these are my parting words to my twenty million fellow countrymen of the Taehan Empire.^[4]

References

1. ^ Michael Finch (translator), Min Yǒnghwan, The Selected Writings of a Late Chosǒn Diplomat. (Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies, 2008), 4.
2. ^ Michael Finch (translator), Min Yǒnghwan, The Selected Writings of a Late Chosǒn Diplomat, 24.
3. ^ Michael Finch, Min Yǒng-hwan, A Political Biography (Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, 2002), 175.
4. ^ Michael Finch, Min Yǒng-hwan, A Political Biography, 175.

Persondata
Name	Min, Yeonghwan
Alternative names	민영환, 閔泳煥
Short description	Minister of Korean Empire
Date of birth	1861
Place of birth
Date of death	1905
Place of death