Meander scar

Spectacular meander scars, oxbow lakes and abandoned meanders in the broad flood plain of the Rio Negro, Argentina. 2010 astronaut photo from ISS.

A meander scar, occasionally meander scarp,^[1] is a geological feature formed by the remnants of a meandering water channel. They are characterized by "a crescentic cut in a bluff or valley wall, produced by...a meandering stream."^[2][3][4] They are often formed during the creation of oxbow lakes.^[5][6][7]

The term itself may refer alternatively to the actual cuts into the bank of a bluff,^[1] or to the general feature of a drying or dried meander.^[5] Both uses, however, describe features of the same process.

Meander scars are caused by the varying velocities of current within the river channel. Due to higher velocity current on the outer banks of the river through the bend, more erosion occurs causing the characteristic steep outer slopes.^[1] In certain habitats, if the scar has sufficient water, or as an oxbow lake fills with sediment, these areas may become marshes or wetlands.^[8]

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Christopher G. Morris, Academic Press dictionary of science and technology, Gulf Professional Publishing, 1992, ISBN 0122004000, page 1333
2. ^ Robert Latimer Bates, Julia A. Jackson, American Geological Institute, Dictionary of geological terms, Random House, Inc., 1984, ISBN 0385181019, page 315
3. ^ Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Geography, M.S. Rao, 2005, ISBN 8174881549, page 745
4. ^ Jesse V. Howell, Glossary of geology and related sciences: a cooperative project of the American Geological Institute, 1960, page 180
5. ^ ^{a b} Ann Bowen, John Pallister, Understanding GCSE Geography, page 40, Heinemann, 2006, ISBN 0435351710
6. ^ Stephen Codrington, Planet geography, Solid Star Press, 2005, ISBN 0957981937, page 158
7. ^ Gregorich, Soil and environmental science dictionary, CRC Press, 2001, ISBN 0849331153, page 221
8. ^ Ritter, Michael E., The Physical Environment: an Introduction to Physical Geography, 2006, [1]