Mansakan languages

Mansakan
Geographic distribution:	Davao Region, Mindanao
Linguistic classification:	Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian Philippine Central Philippine Mansakan
Subdivisions:	—

The Mansakan languages are a group of languages spoken in the Philippines. Davawenyo is the principal native language of the Davao region, though there is a high degree of bilingualism in Cebuano.

Classification

Overview

The Mansakan languages are:

• Davawenyo
• Eastern
  • Karaga
  • Mandayan: Mansaka, Mandaya
• Kamayo
• Kalagan (a dialect cluster)

Gray, et. al. (2008)

A 2008 analysis of the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database^[1] concluded that with 80% confidence, the Butuanon-Tausug languages are more closely related to Mansakan than to the Visayan languages, their traditional classification. The Mamanwa language, previously left unclassified within Central Philippines, was connected with 95% confidence. The resulting family is,

Greater Mansakan

• Butuanon–Tausug
• Mamanwa–Mansakan
  • Mamanwa
  • Mansakan proper

Gallman (1974)

The Mansakan subgrouping below is from Gallman (1974).^[2]

Individual languages are marked by italics, and primary branches by bold italics.

• Mansakan
  • North Mansakan
    • Kamayo North and Kamayo South
  • Davaw
    • Davawenyo (Davaweño)
  • Eastern Mansakan
    • Isamal
    • Caraga (Karaga)
    • Kabasagan, Boso, Mansaka, Mandayan
  • Western Mansakan
    • Kalagan and Tagakaolo
• Mamanwa

References

1. ^ Greenhill, S.J., Blust. R, & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
2. ^ Gallman, Andrew Franklin. A Reconstruction of Proto-Mansakan. M.A. dissertation. Arlington, Texas: Dept. of Liunguistics, University of Texas at Arlington, 1974.