Grottaglie

Infobox CityIT
img_coa =Grottaglie-Stemma.png official_name = Comune di Grottaglie
name = Grottaglie
region = Puglia
province = Taranto (TA)
elevation_m = 133
mapx=40.54
mapy=17.43
area_total_km2 = 101
population_as_of = January 1, 2007
population_total = 32746
population_density_km2 =
timezone = CET, UTC+1
coordinates = coord|40|32|N|17|26|E
frazioni =Carraro delle Vacche, Paparazio
telephone = 099
postalcode =74023
gentilic = Grottagliesi
saint = St. Francis from Geronimo, St. Cyrus
day =January 31
mayor =Raffaele Bagnardi
website = [http://www.comune.grottaglie.ta.it www.comune.grottaglie.ta.it]

Grottaglie is a town in the province of Taranto, Puglia, southern Italy.

Geography

Grottaglie is located in the Salento peninsula, a whole rock of limestone dividing Adriatic sea from Ionian sea. The countryside around the city is scattered with vast and deep ravines that open the ground into the heart of the limestone-rock. The landscape is characterized by the presence of such ancient and enthralling rupestrian ravine encircling the built-up area.

History

The name Grottaglie derives from the Latin "Cryptae Aliae", meaning “many ravines”, which has been inhabited since the Palaeolithic Age. The ancestral part of Grottaglie was one of the citadels in the area, referred to in Medieval documents as "Casale Cryptalerum", founded during the Dark Ages by the inhabitants of the caves who sheltered there due to Saracen invasions.

The fief of Grottaglie was donated by the Norman overlords to the archbishopric of Taranto in the 11th century. In the 14th century the ecclesiastic administration provided the fief with fortifications, walls, a castle (Castello Episcopio, Italian for “archbishop’s castle”) as well as with the "Chiesa Matrice" ("Mother church").

Since the 15th-17th centuries the jurisdiction over Grottaglie fief was split between the ecclesiastic administration (civil law) and the lay feudal lords (criminal law, Cicinelli-Caracciolo family). Fights between these two competing authorities and periodic revolts by the heavily-taxed population were the leit-motiv of Grottaglie’s history until the abolition of feudalism (1806). After the Italian unification Grottaglie had the first urban expansion outside its Medieval walls.

Main sights

*The massive "Castello Episcopio" (13th century) castle.
*The main church, also known as "Chiesa Matrice", dating back to 1379.
*The city's oratory, known as Purgatory Oratory.
*"Palazzo Cicinelli", a massive building on the main square whose original façade has been later redecoreted to the current fashion during the Baroque period. The palazzo was the seat of the Dukes of Grottaglie also Princes of Cursi and Princes of the Holy Roman Empire, hence the residence of the feudal lords of the town on the grant of Bohemond I.
*"Palazzo Urselli", which has maintained keeping instead the original Renaissance (pre-Baroque) façade, with massive entry-gate and vast decorated internal courtyard.
*"Palazzo Maggiulli-Cometa", whose structure is similar to Palazzo Urselli’s.
*"Palazzo Blasi", with a Baroque façade.
*Monastery of "San Francesco di Paola", representing the greatest Baroque monument in the city. It has a splendid cloistered-court inside.
*The "Chiesa del Carmine", housing a 1530 stone crib scene made by Stefano from Putignano.

Culture

Folkloristic and religious events include the commemoration-day of St. Cyrus and Easter-period when the Medieval-rooted confraternal religious orders perform their processions during the days of the Holy Week (Easter rituals include procession and pilgrimage of confrères called “Bubbli-Bubbli” through the streets of town).

Other events include:
*The exhibition “Ceramica nel Quartiere delle Ceramiche”
*The Mediterranean ceramics contest, theatrical and musical events
*Promotion of dessert grapes, months of July-August-September
*Exhibition-contest about ceramic crib scene during the months of December and January
*“Musica Mundi” – international festival of ethnic music in July.

Economy

Grapes and ceramics-industry are two traditional elements of the local economy since the times of Greater Greece.

The numerous ceramic finds, tracing back to the Classical Age and kept in the National Museum of "Magna Grecia" in Taranto, reveal the antique roots of this handicrafts production which was privileged by the presence of considerable amounts of clay in the surrounding territory. More recently, records dating back to the 18th century report at the time 42 companies in Grottaglie operating in the ceramics-sector with a total of 5,000 employees. In addition to ceramics, also agricultural products such as olive oil and excellent choice dessert grapes are of great importance.