William Stokes

Infobox Scientist
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birth_date = 1 October 1804
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death_date = 10 January 1878
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nationality = Ireland
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field = medicine
work_institutions = University of Dublin
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known_for = Cheyne-Stokes breathing Stokes-Adams disease
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William Stokes (1 October 1804 - 10 January 1878) was an Irish physician, who was Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Dublin. Educated in medicine at the Meath Hospital in Dublin, he went on to create two important works on cardiac and pulmonary diseases, "A Treatise on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Diseases of the Chest" (1837), and "The Diseases of the Heart and Aorta" (1854), as well as one of the first treatises on the use of the stethoscope. He emphasised the importance of clinical examination in forming diagnoses, and of ward-based learning for students of medicine.

Both Cheyne-Stokes breathing (the alternation of apnea with tachypnea) and Stokes-Adams disease are named after him. "Stokes' sign" is a severe throbbing in the abdomen, at the right of the umbilicus, in acute enteritis. "Stokes law" is that a muscle situated above an inflamed membrane is often affected with paralysis.

His son, Whitley Stokes, was a notable lawyer and Celtic scholar, his daughter Margaret Stokes an archaeologist and writer.

References

*cite journal
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last=Doyle
first=D
authorlink=
year=2006
month=Dec
title=Eponymous doctors associated with Edinburgh, Part 2--David Bruce, John Cheyne, William Stokes, Alexander Monro Secundus, Joseph Gamgee
journal=The journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
volume=36
issue=4
pages=374–81
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pmid = 17526135
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Berry
first=Diana
authorlink=
year=2006
month=Jun
title=History of cardiology: Robert Adams, MD, and William Stokes, MD
journal=Circulation
volume=113
issue=23
pages=f92
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pmid = 16773739
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Ventura
first=H O
authorlink=
coauthors=Mehra M R, Young J B
year=2001
month=Sep
title=Treatment of heart failure according to William Stokes: the enchanted mercury
journal=J. Card. Fail.
volume=7
issue=3
pages=277–82
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pmid = 11561230
doi = 10.1054/jcaf.2001.26564
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Coakley
first=D
authorlink=
year=1999
month=
title=Irish pioneers in medical education: Robert Graves (1796-1853) and William Stokes (1804-1877)
journal=
volume=3 Suppl 1
issue=
pages=14–8
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pmid = 10865357
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Cantwell
first=J D
authorlink=
year=1988
month=Dec
title=William Stokes (1804-1878)
journal=Clinical cardiology
volume=11
issue=12
pages=856–8
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pmid = 3069261
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Pinkerton
first=J H
authorlink=
year=1980
month=Apr
title=John Creery Ferguson. Friend of William Stokes and pioneer of auscultation of the fetal heart in the British Isles
journal=British journal of obstetrics and gynaecology
volume=87
issue=4
pages=257–60
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 7000165
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*cite journal
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last=Logan
first=P
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year=1978
month=Dec
title=William Stokes. View of a student
journal=Irish medical journal
volume=71
issue=18
pages=602–4
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pmid = 363641
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=O'Brien
first=B
authorlink=
year=1978
month=Dec
title=William Stokes (1804--1878)
journal=Irish medical journal
volume=71
issue=18
pages=598–601
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pmid = 363640
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=O'Brien
first=E
authorlink=
year=1978
month=Sep
title=William Stokes 1804-78: the development of a doctor
journal=British medical journal
volume=2
issue=6139
pages=749–50
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 359096
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Schoenberg
first=D G
authorlink=
coauthors=Schoenberg B S
year=1978
month=Aug
title=Eponym: William Stokes: stoking the fires of prevention and pathophysiologic patterns
journal=South. Med. J.
volume=71
issue=8
pages=956–7
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 356272
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*cite journal
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last=Brian
first=V A
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year=1977
month=Mar
title=The man behind the name: William Stokes 1804-1878
journal=Nursing times
volume=73
issue=9
pages=311
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 322100
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=Burchell
first=H B
authorlink=
year=1970
month=Mar
title=The early use of the stethoscope in Scotland: William Stokes' contributions as a medical student
journal=Biomedical Library bulletin (La Jolla, San Diego, Calif.)
volume=no. 13
issue=
pages=2–4
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 11616688
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*cite journal
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year=1963
month=Aug
title=Men And Medicine (William Stokes)
journal=Medical science
volume=14
issue=
pages=77
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pmid = 14061440
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*cite journal
quotes = yes
last=FRALICK
first=F B
authorlink=
year=
month=
title=William Herman Stokes
journal=Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society
volume=55
issue=
pages=5
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pmid = 13556806
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