House of Camondo

The Camondo family was a well-known European family of Jewish financiers and philanthropists.

Part of the Sephardic community in Spain, after the 1497 Spanish decree that ordered the expulsion of all Jews who refused conversion to Catholicism, the Camondo family settled in Venice. There, some of its members became famous by their scholarship and by the services which they rendered to their adopted country. Following the Austrian takeover of Venice in 1798, members of the Camondo family established themselves in Constantinople. Despite the many restrictions and sumptuary laws imposed on all minorities, the family flourished as merchants in the business section at Galata at the outskirts of the city. They branched into finance in 1802 with the founding of their own bank, "Isaac Camondo & Cie". On Isaac's death in 1832 his brother Abraham Salomon Camondo inherited the bank. He prospered greatly and became the prime banker to the Ottoman Empire until the founding of the Imperial Ottoman Bank in 1863.

In 1866, the year Venice became part of Italy after a peace treaty ended the Austro-Prussian War, Abraham Salomon Camondo's son Raphaël died. In 1869, the eighty-six-year old patriarch followed his grandsons Behor Abraham Camondo and Nissim de Camondo to Paris, France, a city the family had previously frequented and where they had established business connections. In recognition of his contributions and financial assistance to the liberation of Venetia from the Austrian Empire, in 1870 Abraham Salomon Camondo was created a hereditary count by King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy. Abraham died three years later in Paris but in accordance with his wishes his remains were returned to Constantinople for burial there in the Jewish cemetery at Hasköy, a neighbourhood on the Golden Horn in Istanbul. His two grandsons remained in Paris and continued to successfully expand their banking business.

Principle members of the Camondo family include:
* Abraham Salomon Camondo (1781-1873)
* Behor Abraham Camondo (1829-1886)
* Béatrice de Camondo (1894-1944)
* Isaac de Camondo (1851-1911)
* Moïse de Camondo (1860-1935)
* Nissim Camondo (1830-1887)
* Nissim de Camondo (1892-1917)
* Solomon Raphaël Camondo (1810-1866)

See also: History of the Jews in Turkey

References

*"From East and West: Jews in a Changing Europe 1750-1870" by Frances Malino and David Sorkin. (1991) Blackwell Publishers, ISBN 0-631-16602-5, pp. 46-56: "Abraham de Camondo of Istanbul: The Transformation of Jewish Philanthropy"
*"Les Camondo, ou, L'éclipse d'une fortune (Hébraïca)" by Nora Seni (1997) Actes Sud ISBN 2-7427-1421-9
*"Le Dernier des camondo" by Pierre Assouline (1999) Gallimard ISBN 2-07-041051-X