- Wizards Project
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The Wizards Project (formerly called the Diogenes Project) was a research project conducted by Paul Ekman and Maureen O'Sullivan that studied the ability of people to detect lies told by others. The project was originally named after the Greek philosopher who would look into people's faces using a lamp, claiming to be looking for an honest man.
A "Truth Wizard" is a person identified in the Wizards Project, who can identify deception with exceptional accuracy of at least 80% or higher, whereas the average person is only as good as a coin toss. No Truth Wizard, however, is 100% accurate. The term "wizard" refers to "a person of amazing skill or accomplishment"[1].
Scientists Dr. Maureen O'Sullivan and Dr. Paul Ekman, who led the Wizards Project [1] identified only 50 people as Truth Wizards after testing 20,000 people (about 0.25% of the tested population)[2] from all walks of life, including the Secret Service, FBI, sheriffs, police, attorneys, arbitrators, psychologists, students, and many others. Surprisingly, while psychiatrists and law enforcement showed no more aptitude than college freshmen, Secret Service agents were the most skilled.
Dr. Paul Ekman said on NPR that they "have found 50 who have this really nearly perfect ability to spot liars, and that's without any specialized training."[3]
Dr. Maureen O'Sullivan from the University of San Francisco says, "Our wizards are extraordinarily attuned to detecting the nuances of facial expressions, body language and ways of talking and thinking. Some of them can observe a videotape for a few seconds and amazingly they can describe eight details about the person on the tape."[4]
Scientists are currently studying Truth Wizards to identify new ways to spot a liar.
Truth Wizards use a variety of clues to spot deception and do not depend on any one "clue" to identify a liar. Truth wizards have a natural knack for spotting microexpressions. They also home in on inconsistencies in emotion, body language, and the spoken word with amazing skill.
Dr. Paul Ekman said on NPR: "We're still trying to find out how in the world did they learn this skill? Are they the sort of Mozarts of lie detection; they just had it?"[3]
Ekman claims that anyone can be trained to detect such microexpressions, and released a training CD for that purpose, based on data collected by Diogenes' collaborations with the truth wizards.
Contents
Controversies
Psychologists Charles F. Bond and Ahmet Uysal from the Texas Christian University criticized the methodology used by Ekman and O'Sullivan and suspected the performance of the reported Truth Wizards to be due to chance (a type I error), concluding that "convincing evidence of lie detection wizardry has never been presented" [5][6][7][8]. Gary D. Bond from Winston Salem State University later replicated the experiment using a more rigorous protocol and found two people to be exceptionally fast and accurate at lie detection out of 112 law enforcement officers and 122 undergraduate students, a result consistent with Ekman and O'Sullivan's [9]. Both experts at lie detection were female Native American BIA correctional officers.
Dr. Maureen O'Sullivan responded to Dr. Charles F. Bond in "Unicorns or Tiger Woods: are lie detection experts myths or rarities? A response to on lie detection 'wizards' by Bond and Uysal" [10] Drs. Paul Ekman, Mark Frank and Maureen O'Sullivan also published "Reply scoring and reporting: A response to bond (2008)" [11]
In popular culture
Ekman's work is the inspiration for the TV series Lie to Me (2009–2011), and one of the show's main characters, Ria Torres, is a "natural", otherwise known in the scientific community as a Truth Wizard. One Truth Wizard [12] writes a popular blog on the web called Eyes for Lies, and also maintains an informative website. She has been blogging for over four years and writes about hot topics in the news. She shares her thoughts about what makes her suspect a liar.
References
- ^ a b Granhag, Pär; Strömwall, Leid (2004). The Detection of Deception in Forensic Contexts. Cambridge University Press. p. 269. ISBN 0521541573. http://books.google.ca/books?id=SF7zaHHkePUC.
- ^ Camilleri, J. (January 21, 2009). "Truth Wizard knows when you've been lying". Chicago Sun-Times. http://jcamillieri.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/img0021.jpg.
- ^ a b The Face Never Lies
- ^ Lying and deceit – The Wizards Project
- ^ Bond, Charles F & Uysal, Ahmet. (2007). On lie detection "wizards". Law and human behavior, 31.
- ^ O'Sullivan, Maureen. (2007). Unicorns or Tiger Woods: are lie detection experts myths or rarities? A response to on lie detection "wizards" by Bond and Uysal. Law and human behavior, 31.
- ^ Bond, C. F. (2008), Commentary a few can catch a liar, sometimes: Comments on Ekman and O'Sullivan (1991), as well as Ekman, O'Sullivan, and Frank (1999). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22: 1298–1300.
- ^ Ekman, P., O'Sullivan, M. and Frank, M. (2008), Reply scoring and reporting: A response to bond (2008). Applied Cognitive Psychology, 22: 1315–1317.
- ^ Bond, Gary D. (2008). Deception detection expertise. Law and human behavior, 32.
- ^ O'Sullivan, Maureen. (2007). [1]. Law and human behavior, 31.
- ^ Paul Ekman, Maureen O'Sullivan, Mark Frank. [2]. Applied Cognitive Psychology.
- ^ Camilleri, J., Truth Wizard knows when you've been lying", Chicago Sun-Times, January 21, 2009
External links
Categories:- Psychology experiments
- Giftedness
- Lie detection
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