Plenderleith

Plenderleith is a Scottish feudal Crown barony in Oxnam Parish, Roxburghshire, in the vicinity of Kelso, Scottish Borders. The earliest references to the estates of Plenderleith (also known as Prendrelathe or Prendrelath) date to the mid-1200's, when the lands were held by Nicholas de Prendrelathe, lay abbott of Jedburgh Abbey. In 1292, the estates passed to his daughter, Johanna, the wife of Sir John Wishart (Wishard/Wischarde/Whyssard).

Sir John was sent by Robert the Bruce and John Comyn in embassy to France in 1302. Upon the Bruce's accession to the throne of Scotland in 1306 as Robert I, he erected the lands of Plenderleith, then held by Sir John's son, William, into a barony, apparently in recognition of this service. When Sir William died, the lands and barony of Plenderleith passed to his daughter, Alicia. She subsequently married Sir George de Abernethy, 4th Baron of Saltoun, who, through the marriage, became Baron of Plenderleith, as well.

In 1346, Edward Balliol, who had usurped the title "King of Scots" with the support of Edward III of England, declared Plenderleith forfeit to the crown as a result of Sir George's support for David II's invasion of England. Sir George had accompanied King David into England, and was captured with the king at the Battle of Neville's Cross. During his internment in the Tower of London, control of Plenderleith was awarded by Balliol to Walter de Selby, but upon the return of King David to Scotland in 1357, the barony was restored to Sir George.

The barony remained in the hands of the Abernethys of Saltoun until 1612, when John, 8th Lord Saltoun, conveyed several of his estates, including the lands and barony of Plenderleith, to Sir James Stewart of Killeith (Lord Ochiltree) in order to satisfy debts. Sir James, in turn, assigned Plenderleith to John Gordon of Cairnburrow (Lord Rothiemay) in 1617, who passed the barony to Robert Ker, 1st Earl of Roxburghe in 1620. These assignations were confirmed by James VI. In 1707, John Ker, 5th Earl of Roxburghe, was created 1st Duke of Roxburghe for his services in bringing about the Act of Union of 1707. His successor, Sir James Innes-Ker, Baronet, 5th Duke and Earl of Roxburghe, received a Crown Charter from George II confirming to him the barony of Plenderleith. After Plenderleith had been held by the Earls and Dukes of Roxburghe for over 300 years, the rights and title of Baron of Plenderleith were conveyed by assignation in the traditional Scottish manner from the Innes-Kers to the Harmons. The current and 31st Baron of Plenderleith is Clifford Harmon, who resides in Dallas, Texas. The heir apparent to the barony is Clifford Taylor Harmon IV.

In addition to the 1306 charter erecting the barony, Crown Charters confirming the barony were issued by James II in 1464, by James VI in 1613 and 1620, by Charles I in 1635, and by George II in 1755.

SOURCES:

Calendar of the Laing Charters

A History of the Wishart Family in Scotland. http://www.wishart.org/books/ (Wisharts of Pittarrow.doc)

Inquisitionum ad Capellam Regis Retornatarum Abbreviato

National Archives of Scotland

http://www.rampantscotland.com/ragman/blragman_p.htm

Register of the Great Seal of Scotland [Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum]

Robertson's Index of Missing Charters

http://www.rothi.co.uk/history.html.

Scottish Archives Network Gazetteer (Unit ID10361539)

Scottish Barony Register

The Scots Peerage by James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: D. Douglas 1904-14)

Syllabus of Scottish Cartularies - Kelso; http://www.arts.gla.ac.uk/scottishstudies/charters/Kelso.pdf, Charters 276 and 342

http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/relationships.jsp;jsessionid=441DAEA4C4D817F207C0926A109F2518?u_id=10361539&c_id=10107260