HMS Royal Oak (1862)

HMS "Royal Oak" was the first ship of the "Prince Consort" class, and is sometimes described as a half-sister to the other three ships.

In common with the others of her class, she started life as a wooden two-decked second-rate line-of-battle ship of 91 guns. She was cut down by one deck while on the stocks, and was at the same time lengthened by convert|21|ft|m in order to accommodate her changed armament. The ends of the ship were also modified, from the classical wooden battleship line to a straight stem and a rounded stern. The side armour extended the full length of the hull, and was backed with convert|28|in|mm of oak. As her hull was of wood, there was no possibility of dividing the ship into water-tight compartments, nor was it found possible to fit any transverse armoured bulkheads into her.

Although she was fitted with a hoisting propeller, she usually sailed with it merely disconnected. Notwithstanding this impediment, she recorded the greatest speed under sail alone ever achieved by an ironclad warship. Travelling from Gibraltar to Malta on 9 February 1864 she logged convert|13.5|kn|km/h|0, and in doing so became the only ironclad ever to make a higher speed under sail than she could make under power.

Service history

HMS "Royal Oak" was commissioned at Chatham and initially served with the Channel Fleet. She was posted from there to the Mediterranean, becoming only the second ironclad there, after HMS|Resistance|1861|6. She paid off for re-arming in 1867, and then returned to the Channel for six months. She was accidentally rammed by HMS|Warrior|1860|6 in thick weather in the winter of 1867, losing boats, chains, shrouds and back stays. In 1869 she returned to the Mediterranean, and was present at the opening of the Suez Canal. She grounded on an uncharted sandbank outside Port Said, and was towed free by HMS|Lord Warden|1865|6, neither ship sustaining any damage. She paid off for refit at Portsmouth in 1871, but economic considerations prevented this from taking place, and after lying idle for fourteen years she was sold on 30 September 1885.

References

* Oscar Parkes, "British Battleships", Pen & Sword Books Ltd, 1990. ISBN 0-85052-604-3
* "Conway's All The World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905", Conway Maritime Press, 1979. ISBN 0-85177-133-5