Rebecca Gratz

Rebecca Gratz (March 4, 1781 in Lancaster, Pennsylvania - August 27, 1869 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was a preeminent Jewish American educator and philanthropist.

Gratz was the seventh of twelve children born to Miriam Simon and Michael Gratz. Her mother was the daughter of Joseph Simon (1712-1804), a preeminent Jewish merchant of Lancaster, while her father was descended from a long line of respected rabbis. Miriam and Michael were observant Jews and active members of Philadelphia’s first synagogue, Mikveh Israel.

Gratz was the first Jewish female college student in the United States, attending Franklin College (now Franklin and Marshall College) in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.Fact|date=June 2008 In 1801, at the age of 20, she helped establish the Female Association for the Relief of Women and Children in Reduced Circumstances, which helped women whose families were suffering after the Revolutionary War.Burlingame, Dwight F. (ed.) (2004). "Philanthropy in America: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia", Vol. 1, pp. 215-16. ABC-CLIO, Inc. ISBN 1576078604.] In 1815, after seeing the need for an institution for orphans in Philadelphia, she was among those instrumental in founding the Philadelphia Orphan Asylum. Four years later, she was elected secretary to its Board. She continued to hold this office for forty years. Under Gratz' auspices, a "Hebrew Sunday School" was started in 1938. Gratz became both its superintendent and president, and assisted in developing its curriculum, resigning in 1864.

Gratz was also one of the founding members of the Female Hebrew Benevolent Society, around November 1819. In 1850, she advocated in "The Occident", over the signature "A Daughter of Israel", for the foundation of a Jewish foster home. Her advocacy was largely instrumental in the establishment of such a home in 1855. Other organizations that came about due to her efforts were the Fuel Society and the Sewing Society.

Gratz is said to have been the model of Rebecca, the heroine of the novel "Ivanhoe" by Sir Walter Scott. Scott's attention had been drawn to Gratz's character by Washington Irving, who was a close friend of the Gratz family. The claim has been disputed, but it has also been well sustained in an article entitled "The Original of Rebecca in Ivanhoe", which appeared in "The Century Magazine", 1882, pp. 679-682.

Though Gratz was considered to be among the most beautiful and educated women in her community, she never married. Among the marriage offers she received was one from a Gentile whom she loved, but ultimately chose not to marry, on the account of her faith.

Gratz is buried at Mikveh Israel Cemetery in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Notes

References

* [http://www.jewishpress.com/page.do/20057/Glimpses_Into_American_Jewish_History_%28Part_21%29.html "Glimpses Into American Jewish History", The Jewish Press, November 30, 2006]

External links

* [http://www.jwa.org/exhibits/wov/gratz/ Women of Valor exhibit on Rebecca Gratz] at the [http://www.jwa.org Jewish Women's Archive]
* [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Gratz.html Biography of Rebecca Gratz at the Jewish Virtual Library]
* [http://www.jhom.com/personalities/rebecca_gratz/images/t_main2.jpgPortrait]
* [http://www.familytales.org/results.php?tla=rbg Rebecca Gratz Letters]
*Find A Grave|id=7483101