Court system of Indonesia

The Court system of Indonesia comprises the Supreme Court of Indonesia and the Constitutional Court of Indonesia together with public courts, religious courts, administrative courts and military courts.

The Supreme Court

Main article: Supreme Court of Indonesia

The Supreme Court is Indonesia's highest court. It is the final court of appeal for criminal and civil verdicts. It also resolves disputes between courts. it is led by a chairman, currently Harifin Tumpa.^[1][2]

The Constitutional Court

Main article: Constitutional Court of Indonesia

The Constitutional Court rules over disputes concerning the Constitution of Indonesia as well as matters involving elections and political parties. It is headed by Mahfud MD.^[2][3]

Public Courts

The public courts comprise the district courts at the first level and the high courts at the appellate level, after which any appeal goes to the Supreme Court. They can try criminal and civil cases involving Indonesian citizens or foreign citizens.

State courts have authority at the city and regency level, while high courts function at the provincial level.^[4]

Religious Courts

Religious courts are for Muslim citizens to resolve matters such as marriage, inheritance and property donated for religious purposes.^[5]

Administrative Courts

Administrative courts were established in 1986 as a consequence of a law intended to ensure that people would not be treated arbitrarily by government officials or organizations. They rule in disputes involving the state officials or bodies, both at the center and in the regions.^[6]

Military Courts

These deal with cases involving members of the Armed Forces.^[7]

Judges

Judges decide cases based on written law. If there is no applicable written law, Law No. 14/1970 states that judges must apply unwritten law and decide cases with wisdom and full responsibility to God.^[8]

References

• Bambang Waluyo (1992), Implementasi Kekuasaan Kehakiman Republik Indonesia (The Implementation of Judicial Power in the Republic of Indonesia), Sinat Grafika, Jakarta, ISBN 979-8061-42-X
• Denny Indrayana (2008) Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition, Kompas Book Publishing, Jakarta ISBN 978-979-709-394-5

Notes

1. ^ Bambang Waluyo (1992) pp. 98, 112-113
2. ^ ^{a b} http://www.thejakartapost.com/resources/indonesian_cabinet President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono United Indonesia Cabinet accessed 21 Sep 2008
3. ^ Denny Indrayana (2008), pp. 266-267
4. ^ Bambang Waluyo (1992) pp. 15-16, 34
5. ^ Bambang Waluyo (1992) p42
6. ^ Bambang Waluyo (1992) pp. 65, 68
7. ^ Bambang Waluyo (1992) p88
8. ^ Bambang Waluyo (1992) p11