Climatic controls

There are six major controls of climate of any place.They are : latitude, altitude, pressure and wind system, distance from the sea (continentality), ocean currents and relief features Due to the curvature of the earth , the amount of solar energy received varies according to latitude. As a result, air temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles. As one goes from the surface of the earth to higher altitudes , the atmosphere becomes less dense and temperature decreases. The hills are therefore cooler during summers . The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of the place. Thus it influences the temperature and rainfall pattern. The sea exerts a moderating influence decreases and the people experience extreme weather conditions. This conditions is known as continentality (i.e. Very hot during summers and very cold during winters ). Ocean currents along with onshore winds affect the climate of coastal areas. For example,any coastal area with or cold currents flowing past it , will be warmed or cooled if the winds are onshore. Finally , relief too plays a major role in determining the climate of a place. High mountains act as barriers for cold or hot winds ; they may also cause precipitation he they are high enough and lie in the path of rain-bearings winds. The leeward side of mountains remains relatively dry.