Haloxylon ammodendron

Taxobox


image_width = 220px
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Magnoliopsida
ordo = Caryophyllales
familia = Amaranthaceae
subfamilia = Chenopodioideae
genus = "Haloxylon"
species = "H. ammodendron"
binomial = "Haloxylon ammodendron"

The saxaul, sometimes sacsaoul or saksaul (scientific name "Haloxylon ammodendron"), is a plant belonging to the Amaranthaceae. The name saxaul is also applied to "Haloxylon persicum" (or White saxaul) and "Haloxylon aphyllum" (or Black saxaul).

The saxaul ranges in size from a large shrub to a small tree. The wood is heavy and coarse and the bark is spongy and water-soaked. The leaves of the tree are so small that it appears to be without leaves, giving it a dull grey appearance. However, the branches of young trees are green and pendulous. The saxaul has small yellow flowers.

Distribution

The saxaul is found in the arid salt deserts of Central Asia, particularly in the Turkestan region and east of the Caspian Sea, as far as the Gobi, and also in many scattered areas of Iranian deserts. It is often found in 'saxaul forests'.

Already listed as at risk of extinctioncite|author=Huang PX.|date=2000|title=No-irrigation vegetation and its restoration in arid area.|publisher=Beijing: Science Press.] , the saxaul now is facing additional pressure as it is being used for fuel to fight the 2008 Central Asia energy crisis.cite web|author=Farangis Najibullah|date=January 13 2008|title=Tajikistan: Energy shortages, extreme cold create crisis situation|work=EurasiaNet|accessdate=2008-03-07|url=http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/pp011308.shtml]

Uses

The thick bark of the saxaul tree stores water. Quantities of the bark may be pressed for drinking water, making saxaul an important source of water in arid regions where it grows.

In the Gobi desert, the saxaul is often the only kind of tree found. It used to be, and in some place still is, the only kind of wood that nomads can use for heating and cooking.

A parasitic plant, "Cistanche deserticola", that grows on the roots of the saxaul is prized in Chinese medicine as the 'ginseng of the desert'.

Saxaul is planted on a large scale in the afforestation of arid areas in China. Being highly drought-resistant, it has played an important role in the establishment of shelter belts and the fixation of sand dunes as a counter to desertification.

References