- Tingidae
Taxobox
name = Tingidae
regnum =Animal ia
phylum =Arthropod a
classis =Insect a
ordo =Hemiptera
subordo =Heteroptera
familia = TingidaeTingidae is a family of very small [2-10 mm]
insect s in the orderHemiptera that are commonly referred to as lace bugs. This group is distributed worldwide and consists of approximately 2,000species .They are called lace bugs because the
pronotum and forewings have a delicate and intricate network of divided areas that resemblelace . Their body appearance is flattened dorso-ventrally and they can be broadly oval or slender. Often the head is concealed under the hood-like pronotum.Lace bugs are usually host specific and can be very destructive to plants. Most feed on the undersides of leaves by piercing the epidermis and sucking the sap. The then empty cells give the leaves a bronzed or silvery appearance. Each individual usually completes its entire life cycle on the same plant, if not the same part of the plant.
Most species have one to two generations per year, but some species have multiple generations. Most
overwinter as adults but some species overwinter as eggs or nymphs. This group has incompletemetamorphosis in that the immature stages resemble the adults, except that the immatures are smaller and do not have wings. However, wing pads appear in the second and thirdinstar and increase in size as the nymph matures. Depending on the species, lace bugs have four (few) or five (most) instars.References
Lace Bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae). 2004. "In" Encyclopedia of Entomology (J.L. Capinera, editor). Vol 2. pp. 1238-1241.
Froeschner, R.C., 1996. Lace Bug Genera of the World, I: Introduction, Subfamily Canthacaderinae (Heteroptera: Tingidae). [http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/index.cfm Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,] No. 574.
Froeschner, R.C., 2001. Lace Bug Genera of the World, II: Subfamily Tinginae: tribes Litadeini and Ypsotingini (Heteroptera: Tingidae). [http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/Zoology/index.cfm Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology,] No. 611.
Drake, C.J. & Ruhoff, F.A., 1960. Lace-bug genera of the world. (Hemiptera: Tingidae). [http://www.archive.org Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus.] 112 (3431): 1-105, 9 pls.
External Links
on the
UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site* [http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/trees/sycamore_lace_bug.htm "Corythucha ciliata", sycamore lace bug]
* [http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/orn/hawthorn_lace_bug.htm "Corythucha cydoniae", hawthorn lace bug]
* [http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/field/sugarcane_lace_bug.htm "Leptodictya tabida", sugarcane lace bug]
* [http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/fruit/avocado_lace_bug.htm "Pseudacysta perseae", avocado lace bug]
* [http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/orn/shrubs/azalea_lace_bug.htm "Stephanitis pyrioides", azalea lace bug]
* [http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/beneficial/lantana_lace_bug.htm "Teleonemia scrupulosa", lantana lace bug]
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