State Security Service

State Security Service (SSS) is the primary federal government law enforcement agency of Nigeria. It is primarily responsible for internal policing, and is one of three successor organisations to the National Security Organization (NSO), dissolved in 1986. The SSS has come under repeated criticism from both within Nigeria and without charging it as an instrument of political repression, used by whatever government is then in power to harass and intimidate political opponents. SSS officials maintain they act constitutionally, providing needed internal peace and security for the people of Nigeria.

Origins

Fulfilling one of the promises made in his first national address as president, Ibrahim Babangida in June 1986 issued Decree Number 19, dissolving the National Security Organization (NSO) and restructuring Nigeria's security services into three separate entities under the Office of the Co-ordinator of National Security. Its present Director General is Mr Afakriya Gadzama who took over from the exiting Director General Colonel Kayode Are in 2007.

Mandate

The mission of the SSS is to protect and defend the Federal Republic of Nigeria against domestic threats, to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of Nigeria, and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to both federal and state law-enforcement organs. The SSS is also charged with the protection of the President, Vice President, Senate President, Speaker of the House of Representatives, State Governors, their immediate families, other high ranking government officials, past presidents and their spouses, certain candidates for the offices of President and Vice President, and visiting foreign heads of state and government.

Controversy

Although the notorious NSO was dissolved, the new security establishment in 1990 continued to act arbitrarily and with impunity. The government proscribed radical interest groups like NANS and the Academic Staff Union of Universities, the central body of all university professors and lecturers. Several innocent citizens were subjected to physical assault without government reparations. Human rights remained substantially circumscribed. Decree Number 2 remained in place, and numerous citizens had been incarcerated under it, although the allowable period of detention without charge was reduced from six months to six weeks in January 1990. With the aid of this and other decrees that restricted freedom, usually promulgated retrospectively, such radical and outspoken critics of the government as Gani Fawehinmi, Tai Solarin, and Balarabe Musa were regularly detained. Despite having annulled Decree Number 4, the government had several brushes with media organizations. In 1988 Newswatch was proscribed for six months, and journalists, academics, and civil rights activists continued to be harassed by state security agents.

Government security forces frequently harass, arrested, and detain editors and reporters from journals critical of the regime. On 4 November 1997 Aoetokunbo Fakeye, defense correspondent for "The News", was arrested. On 8 November, Jenkins Alumona, editor of "The News", was arrested by SSS agents at a Lagos television station. On 9 November, Onome Osifo-Whiskey, managing editor of "Tell" magazine, was arrested by SSS agents in Lagos while driving to church with his children. On 29 October, Osifo-Whiskey had warned that the magazine had received a written death threat, which listed the names of 27 staff members. On 16 November, SSS agents arrested Babafemi Ojudu, editor of the "News/Tempo". Rafiu Salau, an administration editor for the "News/Tempo", was also arrested in mid-November. Former chairman of the editorial board of the daily "The Guardian" and a visiting professor of journalism at a US university, Olatunji Dare, was detained overnight and his passport seized upon his arrival from the United States on 2 June 1997. He was told to report to the SSS to retrieve his passport. After being interrogated on 17 June by SSS officials about his activities abroad, his passport was then returned.

The SSS has also been accused of repressing the political activities of opposition groups. Public meetings are arbitrarily canceled or prevented, including cultural events, academic conferences, and human rights meetings. On 25 September 1997, police and SSS agents broke up a Human Rights Africa (HRA) seminar for students in Jos, arrested HARA director Tunji Abayomi and 4 others, and briefly detained some 70 students. Abayomi and the others were held for 10 days and then released on bail. A 1 May 1998 workshop on conflict management in Port Harcourt was canceled when the SSS warned local coordinators that such a meeting could not be held on Workers Day, a local holiday. Similar workshops elsewhere proceeded unimpeded despite the holiday.

References

*"Much of the text of this article was derived from the" [http://www.state.gov/www/global/human_rights/1997_hrp_report/nigeria.html Nigeria Country Report on Human Rights Practices for 1997] , U.S. Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, January 30, 1998.

External links

* [http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=13634 RSF/Reporters Without Borders Summary on State Security Service (SSS) ]
* [http://allafrica.com/stories/200606230466.html Nigeria: NIA: 20 Years of Service]
* [http://allafrica.com/stories/200607200663.html Nigeria: The National Intelligence Agency (NIA) At Twenty - A Tribute]

See also

* National Intelligence Agency (NIA) - Responsible for Foreign intelligence and counterintelligence operations
* Defence Intelligence Agency (DIA) - Responsible for military intelligence.