Queensboro Bridge

Infobox_Bridge
bridge_name= Queensboro Bridge


caption= Close-up of Queensboro Bridge at Long Island City, Queens.
official_name=
also_known_as= 59th Street Bridge
carries= 10 lanes (4 upper, 6 lower) of NY 25
crosses= East River
locale= New York City (Manhattan–Queens)
maint= New York City Department of Transportation
id=
design= Double-decked Cantilever bridge
mainspan= 360.27 meters (1,182 ft) (west span)
299.92 meters (984 ft) (east span)
192.024 meters (630 ft) (center span)
length= 1,135.08 meters (3,724 ft)
width=
clearance=12 feet (3.6 m) (upper level)
below=
traffic= 192,000
open= March 30, 1909
closed=
toll= Free
map_cue=
map_

map_text=
map_width=
lat=
long=The Queensboro Bridge, also known as the 59th Street Bridge, is a cantilever bridge over the East River in New York City that was completed in 1909. It connects the neighborhood of Long Island City in the borough of Queens with Manhattan, passing over Roosevelt Island. It carries New York State Route 25 and once carried NY 24 and NY 25A as well.

The Queensboro Bridge is the westernmost of the four East River spans that carry a route number: NY 25 terminates at the west (Manhattan) side of the bridge. It is commonly called the "59th Street Bridge" because its Manhattan end is located between 59th Street and 60th Streets.

History

Serious proposals for a bridge linking Manhattan to Long Island City were first made as early as 1838 and attempts to finance such a bridge were made by a private company beginning in 1867. Its efforts never came to fruition and the company went bankrupt in the 1890s. Successful plans finally came about in 1903 under the city's new Department of Bridges, led by Gustav Lindenthal in collaboration with Leffert L. Buck and Henry Hornbostel, designers of the Williamsburg Bridge. Construction soon began but it would take until 1909 for the bridge to be completed due to delays from the collapse of an incomplete span during a windstorm and from labor unrest (including an attempt to dynamite one span). The bridge opened to the public on March 30, 1909, having cost about $18 million and 50 lives. It was then known as the Blackwell's Island Bridge, from an earlier name for Roosevelt Island. Between 1930 and 1955, there was a vehicular elevator to transport cars and passengers to and from Welfare Island, now known as Roosevelt Island. This was demolished in 1970. The Queensboro Bridge is a double cantilever bridge, as it has two cantilever spans, one over the channel on each side of Roosevelt Island. The bridge does not have suspended spans, so the cantilever arm from each side reaches to the mid-point of the span. [cite web | last = HAKS Corporation | title = Project Page:2000 Biennial Bridge Inspection of the Queensboro Bridge over the East River | url = http://www.haks.net/projects.php?id=67 | accessdate = 2008-06-15] The lengths of its five spans and approaches are as follows:

**Manhattan to Roosevelt Island span length (cantilever): 1,182 ft (360 m)
**Roosevelt Island span length: 630 ft (192 m)
**Roosevelt Island to Queens span length (cantilever): 984 ft (300 m)
**Side span lengths: 469 and 459 ft (143 and 140 m)
**Total length between anchorages: 3724 ft (1135 m)
**Total length including approaches: 7449 ft (2270 m)

The bridge has two levels. Originally the top level contained two pedestrian walks and two elevated railway tracks (as a spur from the IRT Second Avenue Elevated Line) and the lower deck four motor traffic lanes, and what is now the "outer roadway" and pedestrian walk were two trolley lanes. A trolley connected passengers from Queens and Manhattan to a stop in the middle of the bridge, where passengers could take an elevator down to the island. The trolley operated from the bridge's opening until April 7, 1957. [Phillips, McClandish. [http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10C15FF345A137A93C5A9178FD85F438585F9&scp=1&sq=%22welfare%20island%22%20trolley&st=cse "City's Last Trolley at End of Line; Buses Will Replace 49-Year Route on Queensboro Span"] , "The New York Times", April 7, 1957. Accessed August 17, 2008.] The railway was removed in the late 1930s and early 1940s as well as the 2nd Avenue Elevated Line. The trolley lanes and mid-bridge station were removed in the 1950s, and for the next few decades the bridge carried 11 lanes of automobile traffic.

No tolls are charged for motor vehicles to use the bridge.

The bridge was known as the 59th Street Bridge before WWII.

Today

After years of decay and corrosion, an extensive renovation of the Queensboro Bridge was begun in 1987 and is still in progress, having cost over $300 million.

The upper level of the Queensboro Bridge has four lanes of automobile traffic and provides an excellent view of the bridge's cantilever truss structure and the New York skyline. The lower level has six lanes, the inner four for automobile traffic and the outer two for either automobile traffic or pedestrians and bicycles. The North Outer Roadway was converted into a permanent pedestrian walk and bicycle path in 1999.

The Manhattan approach to the bridge is supported on a series of Guastavino tile vaults which now form the elegant ceiling of the Food Emporium and the restaurant Guastavino's, located under the bridge. Originally, this open air promenade was known as Bridgemarket and was part of Hornbostel's attempt to make the bridge more hospitable in the city.

Rail tracks

In addition to the two rapid transit tracks, the bridge also had four streetcar tracks. The following Queens lines operated over the bridge:
*Queensboro Bridge Local, 1909-1957 (last streetcar line in the city)
* Astoria Line, 1910-1939
*Steinway Line, 1910-1939
*Queens Boulevard Line, 1913-1937
* College Point Line, 1910-1925
*Corona Line, 1910-1922

One Manhattan line operated over the bridge, the Third Avenue Railway's 42nd Street Crosstown Line from 1910 to 1919.

In popular culture

*In F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel "The Great Gatsby", Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway traverse the bridge on their way from Long Island to Manhattan. "The city seen from the Queensboro Bridge," Nick says, "is always the city seen for the first time, in its first wild promise of all the mystery and the beauty in the world".

*The bridge is displayed during the opening credits of the television series "Taxi", as a cab (driven by series star Tony Danza) drives across it.

*The climax of the 1985 film "Turk 182" takes place above Roosevelt Island on the bridge.

*In the film "Escape From New York", the bridge is used as the escape route (the movie uses the pseudonym "69th Street Bridge").

*The bridge is mentioned and displayed in the opening theme of the television series "The King of Queens".

*The bridge is the setting for a scene in the 2002 film "Spider-Man" in which the Green Goblin throws Mary Jane Watson from the bridge, and Spider-Man must decide between saving her or passengers on the Roosevelt Island Tramway.

*The bridge was used in the thrill ride Kongfrontation at Universal Studios Florida. The ride, based on "King Kong", had passengers riding the Roosevelt Island Tramway from Manhattan to Roosevelt Island. A mechanical King Kong attacked the cars while hanging off the bridge.

*The bridge is seen in the Woody Allen film "Manhattan" in an iconic visual.

*"The 59th Street Bridge Song (Feelin' Groovy)" is a song by folk music duo Simon & Garfunkel.

*The bridge was blown up by Hank Scorpio in "The Simpsons" episode "You Only Move Twice".

Notes

References

* [http://www.columbia.edu/~brennan/abandoned/qborobr.html Abandoned Stations: Queensborough Bridge Railway terminal]

External links

* [http://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/motorist/qbrehab.html NYC.gov]
* [http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/queensboro/ NYCroads.com]
* [http://www.transalt.org/bridges/queensboro.html Transportation Alternatives Fiboro Bridges - Queensboro Bridge]
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Crossings navbox
structure = Crossings
place = East River
bridge = Queensboro Bridge
bridge signs =
upstream = 60th Street Tunnel
upstream signs = NYCS-bull-small|NNYCS-bull-small|RNYCS-bull-small|W
downstream = 53rd Street Tunnel
downstream signs = NYCS-bull-small|ENYCS-bull-small|V