Bocage

Bocage is a Norman word which has entered both the French and English languages. It may refer to a small forest, a decorative element of leaves, a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture, or a type of rubble-work, comparable with the English use of 'rustic' in relation to garden ornamentation.

Etymology

Bocage probably derives from the Norman French word "boscage", based on "bosc" meaning "wood", today in place names, pronounced /bɔk/ or /bo:/ (also in old French as "bosc" > mod. bois "wood"), see also Norman dialect "boquillon" : "woodcutter", old Norman "bosquier", old French "boscheron", mod. bûcheron. The "boscage" form was used in English, for leafy decoration such as is found on eighteenth century porcelain. Similar words appear in Scandinavian (cf. Swedish "buskage") and other Germanic languages so leaving the suspicion that the apparent late Latin derivation comes ultimately from the Scandinavian language which became Norman French. The "boscage" form seems to have developed its meaning under the influence of eighteenth century romanticism.

The "bocage" form of the word came to English notice during the Second World War. It refers to a terrain of mixed woodland and pasture, with tortuous side-roads and lanes bounded on both sides by banks surmounted with high thick hedgerows which limit visibility. It is the sort of landscape found in England in Devon. In Normandy, it acquired a particular significance during the Battle of Normandy, as it made progress against an entrenched opposition extremely difficult. American soldiers also referred to bocage as 'hedgerows'.

The 1934 Nouveau Petit Larousse defined "bocage" as 'a "bosquet", a little wood, an agreeably shady wood' and a "bosquet" as a little wood, a clump of trees'. By 2006, the Petit Larousse definition had become '(Norman word) Region where the fields and meadows are enclosed by earth banks carrying hedges or rows of trees and where the habitation is generally dispersed in farms and hamlets.'

ee also

* Boscage
* Villers-Bocage
* Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage, Portuguese poet (1765–1805)
* José Vicente Barbosa du Bocage, Portuguese zoologist and politician (1823–1907)

References

*Oxford English Dictionary
*Nouveau Petit Larousse Illustré (1934)
*Petit Larousse Illustré 2007 (2006)

External links

* [http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dosiero:Bocagenormandy.jpgWhere the Normandy Bocage is to be found] .