- Marc Armand Ruffer
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Sir Marc Armand Ruffer (1859–1917) was an Anglo-German experimental pathologist and bacteriologist; he is considered a pioneer of modern paleopathology.
Born in 1859 in Lyon, France, Ruffer, was the son of German banker Baron Alphonse Jacques Ruffer and his wife Caroline.
He studied at Brasenose Oxford, University College, London and the Pasteur Institute in Paris. In 1891 Ruffer was appointed the first director of the British Institute of Preventive Medicine, today's Lister Institute. Moving to Egypt for health reasons Ruffer was appointed a professor of bacteriology at the Cairo Medical School in 1896, later taking roles on committees dealing with health, disease, and sanitation. It was in Egypt that Ruffer worked on the histology of mummies publishing his findings and helping to establish the field of palaeopathology. Knighted in 1916 he went to Greece during the First World War to improve sanitation. Returning home to Britain the ship he was on was torpedoed off the Greek coast and Ruffer was lost at sea[1].
Ruffer married Alice Mary Greenfield in 1890 and had three children.
References
- ^ Swinton, WE 'Sir Marc Armand Ruffer: one of the first palaeopathologists' in Canadian Medical Association Journal 1981 May 15; 124(10): 1388-1392
- Carol R. Ember & Melvin Ember (2003). Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures Topics. Springer. pp. 50. ISBN 0306477548.
- A. T. Sandison (1 April 1967). "Sir Marc Armand Ruffer (1859-1917) pioneer of palaeopathology". Medical History 11 (2): 150–6. PMC 1033695. PMID 5342754. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1033695.
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