Lord Gordon-Gordon

Lord Gordon-Gordon, also known as Lord Gordon Gordon, Lord Glencairn and The Hon. Mr. Herbert Hamilton (1815–1873) was a British fraud and impostor, responsible for one of the greatest swindles in 19th century United States. He swindled $1 million from Jay Gould, who was fighting for control of the Erie Railroad, and then fled to Canada. A failed kidnapping attempt by Gould and associates resulted in their being arrested, almost resulting in military action between the United States and Canada.cite book|last=Donaldson|first=William|authorlink=William Donaldson|title=Brewer's Rogues, Villains and Eccentrics|publisher=Phoenix|date=2004-09-02|location=London|pages=299-300|isbn=0-75381-791-8]

Life in Britain

Little is known about the early life of Lord Gordon-Gordon. His real name is unknown, and it was rumoured that he was the illegitimate son of a North Country clergyman and his family maid.

The first major incident involving Gordon-Gordon was in 1868, when under the name of "Lord Glencairn", he swindled London jewellers Marshall & Son for £25,000. In March 1870, he left Britain and travelled to the United States.cite web |last=Bovey |first=John A. |url=http://www.biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?&id_nbr=5004&&PHPSESSID=l11gmebv67aklq1ji60gl8d3l4 |title=Gordon, Lord Gordon |publisher=Dictionary of Canadian Biography |accessdate=2008-08-22] [cite web |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/gordongordon.shtml |title="Lord" Gordon Gordon, aka Hon. Mr. Herbert Hamilton and numerous other aliases (c 1840–1874) |publisher=The Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=2008-08-22]

Career in North America

Glencairn took the name "Lord Gordon-Gordon" as his alias, claiming to be a cousin of the Campbells, a descendant of Lochinvar and of the ancient kings of the Scottish Highlands. He arrived in Minneapolis, Minnesota, and became involved with the North Pacific Railroad. He told them that he was in America so that he could buy large tracts of land, upon which he could settle tenants from his overpopulated estates in Scotland.cite web |last=Johnson |first=J. L. |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/transactions/3/lordgordongordon.shtml |title=Lord Gordon Gordon |publisher=The Manitoba Historical Society |accessdate=2008-08-22]

Gordon-Gordon's next major incident came three months later, when he moved to New York, claiming he was going to transfer his funds from Scotland in order to finance his purchase. With him, he carried a letter of introduction from Gould, who was then trying to gain control of Erie. Gordon-Gordon told Gould that with the help of several Europeans who had stock in the company, he could help Gould gain control of the railroad. Gould agreed to help him, on the condition that he gave Gordon-Gordon $1 million in negotiable stock in what he called, "a pooling of interests": i.e. a bribe. However, as soon as Gordon-Gordon had taken the stock he put it on the market, swindling Gould.

Gould sued Gordon-Gordon, with Gordon-Gordon put on trial in March 1873. Gordon-Gordon gave the names of his European personages in court, whom he claimed to represent, and was granted bail while the references were checked. Gordon-Gordon took this opportunity to flee to Canada, where he convinced authorities that the allegations brought against him were false. Gordon-Gordon then offered to buy large parts of Manitoba; an investment which would bring prosperity to Canada.

After failing to convince or force Canadian authorities to hand over Gordon-Gordon, Gould and his associates, which included two future Governors of Minnesota and three future Members of Congress, attempted to kidnap him. The group was successful, but were stopped and arrested by the Northwest Mounted Police before they could return to the United States. The kidnappers were put in prison and refused bail. This led to an international incident between the United States and Canada. Upon learning that the kidnappers were not given bail, Governor Horace Austin of Minnesota demanded their return and put the local militia on a state of full readiness. Thousands of Minnesotans volunteered for a full military invasion of Canada. However, after negotiations, the Canadian authorities released the kidnappers on bail.

Gordon-Gordon believed himself safe, as at that time, grand larceny and embezzlement were not crimes serious enough to warrant extradition. However, the news surrounding Gordon-Gordon reached Europe. The firm Marshall & Son; the jewellers Gordon-Gordon had robbed some years ago, sent a representative to Canada, who identified Gordon-Gordon as Lord Glencairn. Gordon-Gordon claimed that it was a smear campaign created by Gould and his associates, but the Canadian authorities considered the charges serious enough to sentence him to deportation. Before his deportation, Gordon-Gordon held a farewell party in his hotel room, where he gave expensive presents to his guests. After the party, he committed suicide by shooting himself.

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