- Victor Hammer
Victor Hammer (
September 9 ,1882 -October 7 ,1967 ), born inVienna ,Austria , was a painter, sculptor, printer, and typographer.Hammer began his apprenticeship in architecture at the age of fifteen in the studio of
Camillo Sitte , author of "Der Staedte-Bau nach seinen kuenstlerischen Graundsaetzen". In 1898 he transferred to theAcademy of Fine Arts Vienna , which he left ten years later. Hammer produced his first type design, "Hammer Uncial", in 1921. In 1922, he moved toFlorence ,Italy , where he set up aprinting press . In 1929, he moved his printing operation into the "Villa Santuccio" in Florence and named it the "Stamperia del Santuccio". The first book that was printed in this operation was Milton's "Samson Agonistes" (1931), using what would be known as his Samson Uncial type. Punches for the type were cut by Paul Koch, son ofRudolf Koch . Hammer moved toKolbsheim inAlsace in 1934 where he designed and built a chapel on an estate for a friend.From 1936 to 1939, Hammer lived in
Vienna , where he served as professor at the Akademie der Bildenden Künste. In 1939, he secretly fled Vienna due toWorld War II and emigrated to theUnited States of America , where he taught atWells College inAurora, New York until 1948. Here he producedAmerican Uncial - the best known of his five typefaces.In 1948, Hammer settled in
Lexington, Kentucky and was artist-in-residence atTransylvania University , a post he held until retirement in 1953. While inKentucky , Hammer was known for designing the official seal of Louisville, which was used until the city's City-County government merger in 2003.Hammer built his wooden press in 1927 with the help of local Florentine craftsmen based on a press in the Laurentian Library; in 1960, the Laurentian's press was discovered to be a copy constructed in 1818. [Holbrook, p. 10.] It was first used to print "Samson Agonistes." When he closed his studio in 1933 the press was stored. In 1954 it was moved to the
University of Kentucky where it has been in use by the King Library Press since 1959.Hammer is buried in the cemetery of [http://www.pisgahpresbyterian.org Pisgah Presbyterian Church] near
Versailles, Kentucky .Typefaces
*"Hammer Unziale" – 1921
*"Samson" – 1931
*"Pindar" – 1933
*"American Uncial" – 1943
*"Andromaque Uncial" – 1958References
*Holbrook, Paul Evans. "An Introduction to Victor & Carolyn Hammer with a Listing of the Books Printed at Their Several Presses" (Lexington, KY: The Anvil Press), 1995.
External links
* [http://www.uky.edu/Libraries/KLP King Library Press site]
* [http://aurora.wells.edu/~wbac/bookarts/ Wells Book Arts Center site]Notes
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