Friedrich Rathgen

Friedrich Rathgen, (1862 - 1942) was a German Chemist and a founder of Conservation science.

Biography

Friedrich Rathgen was born in Eckernförde, Germany, on 2 June 1862. He began his formal education at the University of Göttingen in 1881 where he studied the natural sciences. After a brief period of study in Berlin, Rathgen completed his education at the University of Marburg where he received his doctoral degree in organic chemistry in 1886 (Rathgen 1886). The following year Rathgen served as a research assistant to the German chemist, H. H. Landholt, in Berlin where he worked on various aspects of sugar polarization. In 1888 Rathgen was appointed the first Director of the newly formed Chemical Laboratory of the Royal Museums of Berlin where he remained until his retirement in 1927

Friedrich Rathgen is significant in the early development of Art conservation, particularly for archaeological conservation. Firstly he was the first Chemist to be employed by a Museum. The Koniglichen Museen, Berlin (Royal Museums of Berlin), in 1888. A event so important that Chris Caple (2000 P.53) [Caple, Chris. 2000. Conservation Skills: Judgement, Method and Decision Making. Routledge. London.] says: "It was, perhaps, only in 1888 that conservation as a profession discipline can truly be seen to have started" Therefore establishing the birth of Conservation science.

His second major contribution was to publish a Handbook of Conservation. "In 1898 Rathgen published the first edition of his handbook Die Konservierung von Altertumsfunden (The Conservation of Antiquities) (Rathgen, 1898). This was the first comprehensive treatment of the subject; it drew upon his ten years of experience and practical work in the field". [ Gilberg, Mark. (1987) Friedrich Rathgen: The Father of Modern Archaeological Conservation. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 105-120 http://aic.stanford.edu/jaic/articles/jaic26-02-004_2.html] It was translated into English in 1905 (Rathgen 1905). Prior to this there had been several short works, including works by Rathgen, published about conservation, but nothing devoted purely to the subject.

Rathgen's handbook was divided into two parts, a format which was adhered to in all subsequent editions:

* Part I was devoted to the transformations which antiquities undergo before and after excavation.
* Part II discussed the treatment of antiquities, with examples of methods used in various European museums, e.g. at the Royal Museums of Berlin.

Many of the methods employed today for the treatment of archaeological materials may be found here in one form or another although Rathgen is rarely cited as a source of reference. [ibid]

Legacy

In addition to founding Art conservation, and publishing the first conservation handbook. His name lives on in the Rathgen Research Laboratory.

The Rathgen Research Laboratory is a leading institution for conservation science, art technology and archaeometry, based at the National Museums in Berlin . It carries out investigations on a broad variety of materials within the museum environment and focuses its research on scientific issues concerning the care of monuments and archaeological sites. It carries forward the tradition of the world´s oldest scientific museum laboratory, the Chemical Laboratory of the Royal Museums in Berlin, which was founded on April 1st, 1888 and bears the name of its first director, Friedrich Rathgen. [http://www.hv.spk-berlin.de/english/einrichtungen/sondereinrichtungen/rathgen_forschungslabor.php]

Publications

Some of Rathgen's Key Publications. [Bibliography of: Gilberg, Mark. (1987) Friedrich Rathgen: The Father of Modern Archaeological Conservation. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, Vol. 26, No. 2 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 105-120 http://aic.stanford.edu/jaic/articles/jaic26-02-004_appx.html#bib27]

* Rathgen, F.Über p- und o-Toluolazo-a- und b-napthol und die isomeren Hydrazinverbindungen. Ph.D. Diss., University of Marburg, Marburg, 1886.

* Rathgen, F.Die Konservierung von Altertumsfunden. Berlin: W. Spemann, 1898.

* Rathgen, F., and Borrman, R.Die Konservierung von Altertumsfunden. Nachtrag. Berlin: Georg Reimer, 1905.

* Rathgen, F., and Borrman, R.The Preservation of Antiquities: A Handbook for Curators. G. Auden and H. Auden, trans. London: Cambridge University Press, 1905.

References