Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī

Abū Hayyān al-Tawhīdī (923 – 1023 a.d)(Arabic أبو حيان التوحيدي). Ali bin Mohammed bin Abbas, one of the most famous intellectuals and thinkers in the tenth century. Yaqut Al-Hamawi (ياقوت الحموي) described him saying: ¸ the philosopher of adibs and the Adib of philosophers. However, it was neglected and ignored from the Historians of his time. This continued disregard until Yaqut write his famous book Mu'jam Al-'Udaba'(معجم الأدباء), which indlude a biography of at-Tawhidi including extensive expression of surprise and astonishment of his predecessors for ignoring an eminent person, such as al-Tawhidi, and was adopted in the translation much on what the al-Tawhidi himself in his books. In spite of the turmoil and different views on the at-Tawhidi date of birth and death and his origin, the most correct that he is from an Arab origin, was born in 923 in Baghdad, and died in 1023 in Shiraz. Long live the hard life of al-Tawhidi tormented. Was born in poor family that works in sale sort of dates called Tawhid (hence his name comes), and spent the rest of his childhood in ensuring orphans his uncle was the offends him. Al-Tawhidi received learning in Baghdad at the hands of senior scientists and writers of that time, and the culture of his time taking the same encyclopedic which gleaned from the following sources:

1 - apprenticeship at the hands of senior scientists and writers. The Arabic grammer as mysticism and the Abu Said Al-Sirafi , and study the language and Kalam on bin Isa Al-Rummani, and studied philosophy at Abu Zakaria Ben Yahia Uday al-Mantiqi.

2 - His eagerness to attend the boards of literature, science, philosophy, which was convened many of its era.

3 - Considered a broad many books on various subjects of the knowledge of that time, and that by virtue of his long years of age handwriter for the books, an act often complained about him in at-Tawhidi his writings.

In spite of that al-Tawhidi tried hard to improve the conditions when contacted some senior statesmen, such as pudding minister, Brigadier son, Ben Sahib worshipers and others, but it was disappointing because every time probably physical moment of luck. No exaggeration to say that the lives of al-Tawhidi the series of successive failures and frustrations, the same at-Tawhidi cause in creating the most; melancholic mood was depressed, sad pessimistic harbor resentment against others, alluring defamatory distinguished from the cars in its time, the envier own them. It was, in addition to all this, the aggressors themselves, the most literary self, somewhat ambitious rashness, so he lived most of his life suffering from violent conflict between over-ambitious and painful reality is full of all the colors of failure and deprivation. This conflict has forced him eventually to succumb to despair and Thrown resorted to mysticism to escape the bitter reality. Perhaps the at-Tawhidi of the burning incident was written late in his life is good evidence that the despair of himself and the people of Asceticism in his day. In spite of this incident, burned books, an incident symbolic of course by al-Tawhidi protest at collectively, have left us a at-Tawhidi set of literary works, philosophical and Sufi distinctive in the history of the Arab Bureau. Perhaps the most important work: ِAl-'Imta' wa al-Mu'anasa; Al-Sadaqa wa al-Sadiq; Mathalib al-Wazirain; Al-hawamil wa Ahawamil; Al-Basaer wa al-dhakha'ir; Al-Muqabasat; Al-Isharat al-Ilahiyya; and a series of letters, all of unverified and printed. In terms of writing style, Tawhid has surrendered to the technique Assonance and Badi, who had prevailed in his time but was mostly Jahizian style; relies on reasoning and duplication and division and cynicism and redundancy, and in his writings on pay careful attention.

References

*cite book |title=Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy |last=Craig |first=Edward |year=1998 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=0415073103 |pages=p. 271 |url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=fySFVM3WkugC&pg=PA271&dq=Al-Tawhidi&client=firefox-a&sig=ACfU3U0g1xipm0EkdxQ7TDJq7fj7Ygru2Q |accessdate=2008-07-24