- Spanish submarine C-3
"C-3" was a C-class
submarine of theSpanish Navy . She took part in theSpanish Civil War on the government side before being sunk by German submarine "U-34". "C-3" was built bySociedad Española de Construcción Naval (SECN) inCartagena, Spain , launched20 February 1929 , and commissioned4 May 1929 .Pre-war
On
14 September 1931 , "C-3" successfully tested the Génova submarine rescue chamber (similar to heMcCann Submarine Rescue Chamber ) inEscombreras inlet. Invented by "Capitán de Corbeta " (Lieutenant Commander ) Arturo Génova Torrecuellar, this was subsequently installed in all C-class submarines as a portable unit, as well as the subsequent D-class, [Títtle = El ascensor submarino Génova y el C-3 (Genova submarine Rescue Chamber and C-3) in Spanish|year = 2008|Edition =26 July |place = Spain|Editorial = Vida maritima (marine live)|URL = http://www.vidamaritima.com/2008/07/el-ascensor-submarino-genova-y-el-c-3.html |ID = |ISSN = |Fecha de acceso = 30 August 2008|] which used a fixed unit.Civil War
At the start of the Civil War,
18 July 1936 , "C-3" was in Cartagena harbor, under command of "Teniente de Navío " (Lieutenant )Rafael Viniegra González . He was ordered to sortie from Cartagena in company with submarines "B-6", "Isaac Peral" ("C-1"), "C-4" and "C-6", bound for theGibraltar Strait . In command of theflotilla was the "Capitán de Fragata " (Commander )Francisco Guimerá Bosch , the mission was to blockade the strait and interdict transport of rebel troops from North Africa to theIberian Peninsula . They took a patrol line along theAndalusia n coastOnly two days into the operation, on
20 July , the flotilla entered Málaga harbour, where Guimerá, Viniegra (along with "C-3"' s executive officer), and the rest of the flotilla's senior officers, with the exception of "C-1"' s skipper, "Capitán de Corbeta " Lara, were relieved and transferred to the prison ship "Monte Toro" because they were considered sympathizers of the rebels.Next morning,
21 July , "C-3", joined by "B-6", departed Málaga bound forTangier to protect the oil tanker "Ophir". On27 July , all destroyers and submarines in Málaga deployed aroundCadiz to intercept a Nationalist convoy that proved a decoy. Then she, "C-2", and "C-6" received instructions to form a patrol arc in front ofCeuta harbour to prevent the entrance of cruiser "Almirante Cervera", which had leftFerrol bound for the Gibraltar Strait.1 August , at Málaga, "C-3" took on remaining antiaircraft ammunition and torpedoes before "C-4" departed for Cartagena for minor repairsTwo weeks later, on
15 August , "C-3" sailed for theCantabric Sea with the "C-6", returned to Cartagena with average. She repeated the voyage25 August , in company with "C-4" and "C-5", where "C-3" and "C-6" jointly attempted to locate and sink "España" and "Almirante Cervera", without success. She also aided in the search for transports bringing weapons toBilbao ."C-3" returned to the
Mediterranean Sea on2 October , arriving in Málaga8 October .Sunk
On
12 December 1936, "C-3" was running surfaced 4 nm (7½ km) southeast of Málaga. In the coning tower was her commander, "Alférez de Navío" (Ensign)Antonio Arbona Pastor , and a merchant navy pilot attached to Republican Navy. At 14:19, there was a sudden explosion on her starboard bow, and "C-3" disappeared. The explosion was observed by the coastguard vessel "Xauen", lying two miles (3.7 km) inshore of "C-3", and the fishing boats "Joven Antonio" and "Joven Amalia", about the same distance away. Despite their proximity, the only survivors were the pilot, García Viñas, and two of "C-3"' s sailors, Isidoro de la Orden Ibáñez and Asensio Lidón Jiménez, who had been topside dumping trash and garbage. [Títtle = Operation Ursula" and the sinking of the submarine C-3|year = 2005|Edition =24 march |place = |Editorial = U-boat.net|URL = http://www.uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=59 |ID = |ISSN = |Fecha de acceso = 11 de September 2008|]"C-3" was torpedoed by "U-34", commanded by "Kapitänleutnant"
Harald Grosse , as part ofOperation Ursula . [Títtle = 'Operación Úrsula' reflota la historia real del submarino C3 (Operación Ursula, refloaded the real history of C-3 submarine) in Spanish|year = 2006|Edition =12 December |place = Málaga, España|Editorial = Sur digital|URL = http://www.diariosur.es/prensa/20061212/cultura/operacion-ursula-reflota-historia_20061212.html|ID = |ISSN = 1885-3331 |Fecha de acceso = 12 December 2006|] For this action, Grosse received the "Goldenes Spanienkreuz" (Spanish golden cross).Over the next few days, Republican authorities mounted an effort to locate "C-3". All they found was a large oil slick. The position was marked by buoy, but no rescue attempted, and it's likely there were none left alive aboard. Subsequently, when Málaga fell to the Nationalists, "C-3" was forgotten. The Nationalists, in an attempt to conceal the acquisition of two Italian submarines ("General Mola", ex-"Archimede", and "General Sanjurjo", ex-"Torricelli"), renamed them "C-3" and "C-5", claiming "C-3" was raised and recommissioned by the Nationalist Navy. This maneuver was unsuccessful; the Italian boats bore distinct structural differeces. "C-3" was stricken by ministerial order on
31 July 1941 .Location of the wreck
In
1997 , Malaga lawyer Antonio Checa [Títtle = Operation Ursula" and the sinking of the submarine C-3 (in english)|year = 2005|Edition =24 march |place = |Editorial = U-boat.net|URL = http://www.uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=59 |ID = |ISSN = |Fecha de acceso = 11 de September 2008|] discovered the remains of one shipwreck, He sensed it was "C-3". Despite several dives by an ROV (Remote Operated Vehicle) with video camera, it proved impossible to positively identify the wreck, owing to bad visibility.In October
1998 , The Spanish Navy, send the rescue ship "Mar Rojo" (A-20 ), with a Navy dive team. They identified wreck as "C-3", coord|36|40|N|4|21|W|scale:20000000 [Títtle = Operation Ursula" and the sinking of the submarine C-3|year = 2005|Edition =24 march |place = |Editorial = U-boat.net|URL = http://www.uboat.net/articles/index.html?article=59 |ID = |ISSN = |Fecha de acceso = 11 de September 2008|] . They found her hull had broken in two. One section 8 meters from bow was separated from the rest. Both parts remain in a sand plain, separated by a few meters, the biggest upright, the smaller inverted.Comanders
External link
* [http://www.memoriahistorica.org/alojados/periquete/paginas/c3.html C3 in memoriam (Spanish)]
* [http://es.youtube.com/watch?v=Lj1vy7Xy3oA video en Youtube]References
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