Spread-winged Skippers

Spread-winged Skippers

Taxobox
name = Spread-winged skippers


image_width = 240px
image_caption = "Carcharodus alceae"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Lepidoptera
unranked_familia = Rhopalocera
superfamilia = Hesperioidea
familia = Hesperiidae
subfamilia = Pyrginae
subdivision_ranks = Tribes
subdivision = "Celaenorrhini" (disputed)
Eudamini
Pyrgini
Tagiadini

Spread-winged skippers, Pyrginae, are a subfamily of the skipper butterfly family (Hesperiidae). The tribe "Celaenorrhini" is usually included in the Eudamini entirely or for the largest part, including the type genus "Celaenorrhinus".The family was erected by Hermann Burmeister in 1878.Spread-winged skippers bask with their wings held wide open.They are usually brown, black, or checkered, but some are brilliantly coloured.Some have long tailed hind wings.

A number of genera are of uncertain affiliations [See Savela (2007) for references.] . These include:
* "Abantis" Hopffer, 1855
* "Alenia" Evans, 1935
* "Calleagris" Aurivillius, [1925]
* "Carcharodus" Hübner, [1819]
* "Chaetocneme" Felder, 1860
* "Eagris" Guenée, 1862
* "Eretis" Mabille, 1891
* "Euschemon" Doubleday, 1846
* "Exometoeca" Meyrick, 1888
* "Katreus" Watson, 1893
* "Netrobalane" Mabille, 1903
* "Netrocoryne" C. & R. Felder, [1867]
* "Procampta" Holland, 1892

Footnotes

References

* (2007): [http://www.nic.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/hesperioidea/hesperiidae/pyrginae/index.html Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and some other life forms: Pyrginae] . Version of 2007-JUN-12. Retrieved 2008-JAN-24.

External links

* [http://tolweb.org/Pyrginae TOL]
* [http://bugguide.net/node/view/12853/tree Subfamily Pyrginae] from [http://bugguide.net/ Bugguide.net]
*Cirrus Digital Imaging [http://www.cirrusimage.com/skipper_photos.htm Reference photographs: Skippers of North America]
* [http://creatures.ifas.ufl.edu/bfly/silver-spotted_skipper.htm "Epargyreus clarus", silver-spotted skipper] on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site


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