Henri Frager

Henri Jacques Paul Frager (3 March 1897, France - 12 October 1944, Buchenwald concentration camp) was a member of the French Resistance during World War Two. He was in succession, second in command of the CARTE network (under André Girard), then head of the SOE (F section) network DONKEYMAN, rising to the rank of major within SOE. He was betrayed to the Germans, deported and executed.

Life

The son of Alphonse Jean Frager and Eugénie Louis Adolpine Frager née Sauvier, he married the Russian-born Louba Frager and worked as an architect in Nice in civil life. On 25 November 1940 he dined with André Girard in a restaurant in Antibes. Girard wanted to develop a local network, whereas Frager was then preparing to get to London via Algeria. He reached Algeria in December that year but, after several failed attempts to get from there to London, returned to Antibes in April 1941 and got back into contact with Girard, who recruited him into CARTE as his second in command under the codename "Louba". With André Gillois and colonel Vautrin, Girard and Frager recruited others for the growing network, and on 19 September 1941 Girard had his first meeting with an SOE agent, Francis Basin (codename "Olive").

Exploring the possibilities for CARTE-SOE cooperation, SOE summoned Girard or any other officer of CARTE to come to London. Not wanting to go himself, Girard sent Frager and on 30 June 1942 the Polish trawler "Tarana" took on Frager and brought him to Gibraltar, from where he flew to England by plane. In London that July, at Orchard Court, he met SOE's chiefs (Maurice Buckmaster, Nicholas Bodington, and probably Charles Hambro and Colin Gubbins). In Girard's name, Frager set out CARTE's needs (means of communication, arms, etc.). Wanting to know more, SOE sent him back to France with Nicholas Bodington (codename "Jean-Paul" or PROFESSOR) to study the possibilities of cooperation, clarify the confused situation in the Lyon region and organised possible parachute drop-zones (SPRUCE). They were landed at Cap d'Antibes on the night of 29/30 July 1942 from the boat "Seadog", with agents Despaigne (MAGNOLIA) and Yvonne Rudellat (SOAPTREE), and on 12 September Bodington returned to England to make a highly favourable report on CARTE

In November 1942, however, major disagreements broke out between Girard and Frager. The Germans having occupied the previously unoccupied zone of France, SOE wanted to review its plans with CARTE and demanded in a message on 12 November (received via Adolphe Rabinovitch, radio operator of the SPINDLE network) that Girard return to London. Several pick-up attempts that December failed and Frager prepared a report criticising Girard, to be transmitted to London, but Girard found out and also noted the good relations between Frager and Peter Churchill. In January-February 1943, Girard put off his departure for London indefinitely, before finally being picked up by a Hudson on the night of 21/22 February. Frager and Churchill were picked up by Lysander on the night of 23/24 March (landing at Estrées-Saint-Denis near Compiègne, piloted by Hugh Verity, flying in Francis Cammaerts and Georges Dubourdin) and joined Girard in London. However, Girard refused to meet them and SOE distanced itself from Girard, opposing his return to France and warning Frager that he would have to lead what remained of the CARTE network against Hugo Bleicher (known as "colonel Henri") .

On the night of 14/15 April 1943 Frager was returned to France by Lysander (BRONCHITE drop zone, near Tours) and welcomed back by Henri Déricourt. He flew to London again on 20/21 October 1943 (in a Hudson, from the ACHILLE landing strip near Angers), but his pick-up had been organised by Déricourt, now under Sicherheitsdienst surveillance. An altercation occurred before this between Frager and Déricourt over breakfast in a café facing Angers' train station. Frager had brought along his substitute and friend, Roger Bardet (in fact released from prison by Bleicher in exchange for Bardet feeding him information, a promise Bardet seems to have kept), to assist in his departure for London, but Déricourt forbade him from doing so. Frager also believed Déricourt to be a Gestapo agent and Déricourt suspected that Frager thought as much. Hugo Bleicher wrote in his book of his recruitment of Roger Bardet as V-Mann, and how Bardet had got into Paul's good books by revealing to him that Gilbert was a double agent working for Kieffer. There was no sympathy between Bleicher (and the Abwehr) and Kieffer (of the SD). Hugh Verity gives Bleicher's account thus:

On 29 February 1944 Frager was returned to France at Beg-an-Fry near Morlaix, under the codename "Jean-Marie". He was sent as head of the DONKEYMAN network, with orders to develop Resistance groups in the Yonne and on the Côte d'Azur. His networks developed normally, one under Bardet and the other under Kieffer (Kiki). A group headed by Frager sabotaged the celophane factory at Mantes, and reports and photographs of its missions were sent to London. Between June and August 1944, Frager's groups were supplied by 25 parachute drops, but Frager was betrayed and handed over to Bleicher on 8 August 1944. Deported to Buchenwald concentration camp, he was executed on 12 October that year.

Recognition

Distinction

* UK : Mentioned in Despatches,
* France : Médaille de la Résistance (rosette).

Monuments

* As one of the 104 agents of SOE's F section F to die for France, Henri Frager is mentioned on the memorial at Valençay (Indre).
* Brookwood Memorial, Surrey, panel 21, column 3.

Sources and external links

* Thomas Rabino, "Le Réseau Carte", Perrin, 2008.
* Michael Richard Daniell Foot, "SOE in France. An account of the Work of the British Special Operations Executive in France, 1940-1944", London, Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1966, 1968 ; Whitehall History Publishing, in association with Frank Cass, 2004. Ce livre présente la version officielle britannique de l’histoire du SOE en France. Une référence essentielle sur le sujet du SOE en France.
* François Marcot (dir.), "Dictionnaire historique de la Résistance", coll. Bouquins, Robert Laffont, 2006, ISBN : 2-221-09997-4. Article "Vomécourt, Philippe de Crevoisier de" signé Michael R. D. Foot, pages 548-549.
* Hugh Verity, "Nous atterrissions de nuit...", préface de Jacques Mallet, 5eme édition française, Éditions Vario, 2004.
* Sir Brooks Richards, "Secret flotillas", 1996

Notes