Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi
- Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi
Carl Wigand Maximilian Jacobi (April 10, 1775 - May 18, 1858) was a German psychiatrist who was a native of Dusseldorf. He was the son of philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi (1743-1819).
He was a student at the Universities of Jena, Göttingen, Erfurt, and Edinburgh, and for a period of time worked as a hospital aide in London. Later he became director of a mental hospital at Salzburg, and beginning in 1816 was a Prussian "Medizinalrat" (medical officer). In 1825 he was the first director at the Siegburg lunatic asylum, located north of Bonn. One of his better known assistants at Siegburg was Bernhard von Gudden (1824-1886).
Jacobi was a prominent member of the "somatic school" of psychiatry in Germany, believing that mental disorders were largely due to organic factors. His views on psychiatry were in direct contrast to those of Leipzig professor Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843), a contemporary of Jacobi, who based psychiatry from a "spiritualistic" standpoint. Jacobi was influenced by the work of Philippe Pinel (1745-1826) and William Tuke (1732-1822) regarding a "non-restraint policy" for patients, and tried to introduce this reform in Germany.
He was the author of several treatises concerning treatment of the mentallly ill, and contributed numerous articles to the journal "Allgemeine Zeitschrift fur Psychiatrie". Also with Christian Friedrich Nasse (1778-1851), he was co-founder of "Zeitschrift für Heilung und Beurtheilung krankhafter Seelenstörungen", a journal dealing with the analysis and treatment of mental disorders.
See also
* Psychosomatic illness
References
* [http://books.google.com/books?id=eRYCvj9kdbIC&pg=PA499&lpg=PA499&dq=Maximilian+Jacobi+Siegburg+1775&source=web&ots=bzMSgDj-2E&sig=aliMDZ-dVyaBLZwS3Xfqx_Q_5q0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result The American Cyclopaedia By Charles Anderson Dana; Biography]
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