Ivan Gagarin

Ivan Sergeyevich Gagarin (born at Moscow, 1 August1814; died at Paris, 19 July1882) was a Russian Jesuit, known also as Johannes. He was of the princely Russian family which traces its origin to the ancient rulers of Starodub.

Life

He was the son of the Russian state-councillor, Prince Sergius Gagarin, and Barbara Pushkin. He entered the service of the state at an early age, and was first named attaché to his uncle, Prince Gregory Gagarin, at Munich, on whose death, in 1837, he acted as secretary to the legation at Vienna. He was afterwards transferred to the Russian embassy at Paris, where his services were requisitioned in a similar capacity.

He frequented the salon of his near relation, Madame Sophie Swetchine, and was on terms of familiar intercourse with Ravignan, Lacordaire's successor in the pulpit of Notre-Dame de Paris. His conversion to Catholicism took place in 1842. On 19 April of that year Gagarin made his profession of faith, and was received into the Catholic Church by Ravignan. According to Russian law, this put an end to his diplomatic career, and he forfeited all rights to his inheritance.

In the latter half of 1843 he entered the Society of Jesus, and passed his novitiate at Saint-Acheul. He was afterwards employed in professorial work at Brugelettes, where he taught church history and philosophy, at the College of Vaugirard and the school of Ste-Geneviève, and at Laval. He spent some time in Versailles and, in 1855, was back at Paris. From this time onwards he wrote extensively in the Catholic cause.

When the religious orders were expelled from France, Gagarin went to Switzerland, but soon returned to Paris, where he died.

Works

Gagarin's literary output was considerable; many of his articles which appeared in current reviews and periodicals were afterwards collected and published in book form.

As a polemist Gagarin was thorough, and his work as a religious propagandist was of importance. His main object was win over Russia to the Catholic Church. In conjunction with Fr. Daniel, Gagarin founded (1856) the journal "Etudes de théologie, de philosophie et d'histoire" (merged into "Etudes religieuses, historiques et littéraires", 1862); he re-established the "Œuvre de Prop. des Sts. Cyrille et Méthode" (1858), to promote corporate union amongst the Churches; and contributed to the "Contemporain", "Univers", "Ami de la Religion", "Précis historiques", "Correspondant", "Revue des questions historiques", etc.

The "Polybiblion" (Paris, 1882), another review in which articles appeared from the pen of Gagarin, exhibits (XXXV, 166-188) a long list of his writings. These include:
*"La question religieuse dans l'Orient" (1854);
*"La Russie sera-t-elle catholique?" (Paris, 1856), tr. German (Münster, 1857), and rendered into other languages;
* "De l'Enseignement de la théologie dans l'Eglise russe" (1856);
*"Un document inédit sur l'expulsion des Jésuites de Moscou" (1857);
*"Les Starovères, l'Eglise russe et le Pape" (1857);
*"De la Réunion de l'Eglise orientale avec l'Eglise romaine" (1860);
*"Réponse d'un Russe à un Russe" (1860);
*"Tendences catholiques dans la société russe" (1860);
*"L'avenir de l'Eglise grecque unie" (1862);
*"La primauté de Saint-Pierre et les livres liturgiques de l'Eglise russe" (1863).

Gagarin also spent several years in Constantinople, where he founded the Society of St. Dionysius the Areopagite, which aimed at reuniting the Greek and Latin Churches. With this object, too, he published:

*"L'Eglise roumaine", etc. (1865);
*"Constitution et situation présente de toutes les Eglises de l'Orient" (Paris, 1865);
*"Les Eglises orientales unies" (1867),

studies on the Oriental Churches. Amongst works of Gagarin's later years are:

*"Les hymnes de l'Eglise russe" (1868);
*the discursive "Le Clergé Russe" (new ed. Brussels, 1871; tr. London, 1872), a collection, in book form, of a series of articles published in the "Etudes religieuses" under the title "La réforme du clergé russe", an indictment of the encroachments of civil aggression on ecclesiastical right;
*"Mémoires d'Archetti" [Paris, Brussels, 1872 - "Les Jésuites de Russie" (1783-1785)] ;
*and "Religion et Mœurs des Russes", edited by Gagarin (Paris, 1879).

Almost all the above were published at Paris. A portion of his works were re-issued by Brühl, in "Russische Studien zur Theologie und Geschichte" (Münster, 1857); and by Huttler, in "Katholike Studien" (Augsburg, 1865).

References

*Streber in "Kirchenlexikon", s. v.;
*Vapereau, "Dict. des Contemp.", 6th ed. (Paris, 1893), s. v. Gagarine;
*Rosenthal, "Convertitenbilder", III, ii, 194, sqq.

See also, for indication as to sources, author's preface to various works.