Bath White

Taxobox
name = Bath White


image_width = 250px
image_caption = Bath White, "Pontia daplidice" in a garden in Darjeeling, India.
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Lepidoptera
familia = Pieridae
genus = "Pontia"
species = "P. daplidice"
binomial = "Pontia daplidice"
binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758)The Bath White ("Pontia daplidice") is a small butterfly of the family "Pieridae", the Yellows and Whites, which occurs in the Palearctic region. It is common in central and southern Europe, migrating northwards every summer, often reaching southern Scandinavia and sometimes southern England.

Description

* The Bath White is a small white butterfly with a wingspan of 45 to 50 mm. The underside of the hindwing has a pattern of greenish blotches, which is characteristic of the Bath Whites and easily identifies it from other pierids.
* Sexes can be differentiated by markings on the forewing. The male is differentiated from the female by the markings on the upperside of the forewing. The apex of the forewing is black with white spots and lines. There is a black spot at the end of the cell. In the case of the female, there is an additional discal spot in 1b. The female also has an obscure row of terminal and marginal spots on the upper hindwing.

Description from Bingham, C. T (1907) Fauna of British India. Butterflies Volume 2.

* Male: Upperside: white. Forewing: basal half of costa narrowly irrorated with black scales, a broad irregular quadrate black spot over the discocellulars; apex and termen anteriorly, above vein 3 broadly black, with a subterminal series of spots of the ground colour, prolonged as fine lines to the terminal margin. Hindwing: uniform, the markings on the underside showing faintly through; a costal spot before the apex, and in some specimens, some obscure, anterior terminal markings indicated by irrorated black scaling. Underside: white. Forewing: the form of the markings as on the upperside but the base of the cell with an irroration of green scales, the black discocellular spot extended to the costa, often washed with green or with a green centre to the black; the apical patch green not black, with the spots of the ground-colour on it ill-defined and obscure; a black or greenish-black spot in the outer half of interspace 1. Hindwing: green; costal margin at base yellow; dorsal margin white; a spot in middle of cell, another above it in interspace 7, a curved irregular discal series of conjoined spots beyond the cell, of which the upper two spots in interspaces 1 to 6, white; the veins sometimes faintly yellow. Antennae dusky-black; head, thorax and abdomen fuscous black; beneath; head, thorax and abdomen white.

* Female: Upperside: differs as follows: Forewing: a dusky-black streak extends from the base along costa and terminates at the black spot on the discocellulars; a transverse, somewhat quadrate black spot in the outer half of interspace 1, with sometimes a short ill-defined black streak below it; the black area on apex and anterior portion of termen broader, the white spots on it blurred and obscure. Hindwing: a large costal black spot before apex; a broad, black, subterminal, inwardly diffuse, curved band in continuation of the same, and a terminal series of clavate black marks that start from the outer margin of the black subterminal band. Underside: markings much as in the male but broader. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen as in the male.

* Expanse: 52-56 mm
* Habitat: Within our limits; the Western Himalayas; Chitral; Ladakh; Kashmir; Baluchistan. Spread throughout Europe, Asia Minor, Persia and Afghanistan.

Range

In South Asia, the Bath White ranges from Baluchistan, Peshawar, Chitral, Kashmir and along the Himalayas right across the Central Himalayas up to Darjeeling.

The butterfly appears to be extending its range westwards along the Himalayas.

Taxonomy and related species

* The subspecies in South Asia, "P. daplidice moorei" Röber 1907, is found in the higher hills of the Himalayas.
* Three other species of genus "Pontia" occur in India. They are the :-:* Lofty Bath Whites "Pontia callidice" (Moore) 1865.:* Lesser Bath White "Pontia chloridice" Hübner 1803/18.:* Desert Bath White "Pontia glauconome" Klug (reported as a vagrant in the desert, plains and hills of northern India)

Habitat

In South Asia, the butterfly is known to be found in the Kashmir Valley and the plains of Peshawar in April.

References

* Evans, W.H. (1932) The Identification of Indian Butterflies. (2nd Ed), Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India
* Haribal, Meena (1994) Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History.
* Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957) Butterflies of the Indian Region, Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.

ee also

*Pieridae
*List of butterflies of India
*List of butterflies of India (Pieridae)

External links

* [http://www.bjbug.com/insect/butterfly/htmE/bu00050.htm The Bath White in China]
* [http://www.pbase.com/nickclayton/image/83342639 Image of underside]