- Sarabande and Chaconne from Handel's opera Almira
Franz Liszt composed his transcription of theSarabande andChaconne fromHandel 'sopera "Almira " for piano solo (S.181) in 1879 for his Englishpiano studentWalter Bache (1842-1888), brother ofmusician andcomposer Francis Edward Bache (1833-1858). The "Almira" transcription is noted by critics as one of the most striking of Liszt's late concert arrangements as well as his only setting of abaroque piece from his late period.Baker, 103.]Liszt's decision to set Handel was probably due at least in part to please British audiences, for whom Handel was still the preeminent national composer and before whom Bache would likely appear. Nevertheless, the choice of subject matter was surprising, not only by being Handel instead of Bach but also from being taken from a Handel opera which was virtually ignored at the time.Howard, 7.]
In his most recent baroque transcription prior to "Almira", that of Bach's Fantasie and Fugue in G Minor BWV542 dating from 1867, Liszt follows the original almost exactly. With "Almira", Liszt deviates considerably. While retaining the original contour of Hendel's melodies, he changes the order of dances (in the opera the chaconne is followed by the sarabande), then adds introductory, transitional and developmental material along with his own varied treatment of the dances themselves. [ [http://books.google.com/books?id=xsWjvwM_FWIC&pg=PA65&lpg=PA65&dq=Liszt+Sarabande+Chaconne+Handel+Almira&source=web&ots=kqvRqiHOKl&sig=2oW8XBPeJ3cgdCZky0CtD8UgwxA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=9&ct=result#PPA66,M1] ]
The result of Liszt's work is a highly unified double-set of
variation s—one set of variations on the sarabande followed by a separate set on the chaconne—nearly becoming an independent work in the process. (Humphrey Searle in fact catalogued the work as an independent composition.) The sarabande dominates the piece, functioning much like a Bach chaconne as variations on a harmonic progression, while the chaconne itself is of the balletic variety, having nothing to do with the repeated bass lines of the work. This work is said by some to anticipateFerruccio Busoni 's late-romantic settings of Bach in its overall grandeur, especially in the major key transformation of the sarabande at the work's conclusion.Australian Liszt scholar and pianist Leslie Howard has recorded this work as part of
Hyperion Records ' complete Liszt series. [The recording can be found in Volume Six of the series, "Liszt at the Opera I," catalogue number CDA66371/2.]Bibliography
* Baker, James M., ed. Kenneth Hamilton, "A survey of the late piano works", "The Cambridge Companion to Liszt" (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005). ISBN 0-521-64462-3 (paperback).
* Howard, Leslie, Notes for Hyperion CDA66371/2, "Liszt at the Opera I", Leslie Howard, piano.External links
* [http://www.lisztsoc.org.uk/ The Liszt Society]
* [http://www.lesliehowardpianist.com/ Leslie Howard's Home Page]
* [http://www.hyperion-records.co.uk/liszt_index.asp Complete Liszt Recordings on Hyperion]
* [http://everynote.com/piano.show/102048.note Online sheet music for Sarabande and Chaconne from Handel's opera Almira]References
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