Robert Gwyn Macfarlane

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name = Robert Gwyn Macfarlane
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alma_mater = University of London
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known_for = Hematology Science Biographer
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Robert Gwyn Macfarlane, CBE. FRS. hematologist, (born 26 June 1907 died 26 March 1987).

Born in Worthing, Sussex, Gwyn Macfarlane left Cheltenham College in 1924 and a year later entered the Medical School of St Bartholomew's Hospital, London. In 1936 he married Hilary Carson MD and over the next 11 years, 5 children (an elder girl followed by 4 boys) were born. Hilary, practised as a GP, whilst always offering Gwyn great academic support. She is now approaching her 99th birthday.
During Macfarlane's clinical years he was exposed to the sufferings of hemophiliacs and this subject became the core for his life long study into the processes of blood clotting.

He examined the Venom of many different snakes and isolated the poison of the Russell's Viper to have the strongest blood coagulant powers. He found that when a compound that included venom at dilutions of 1 in 100,000 was applied to a wound, bleeding diminished. This medicine was later marketed as "Stypven" by Burroughs Welcome Ltd.. "Stypven Time" is now a standard measure for coagulation efficiency. This research was the basis for his London M.D. thesis for which he was awarded the University Gold Medal, in 1938.
In 1940 Macfarlane took the position of Clinical Pathologist at the Radcliffe Hospital in Oxford. With a year as a Major in the Royal Army Medical Corps in 1944, where he was exposed to the complications of Gas gangrene on the war front, he continued to work in Oxford for the rest of his professional life. He led a team that included Rosemary Biggs and Ethel Bidwell, to investigate congenital coagulation defects, the treatment of bleeding disorders and to develope a managed environment for hemophilics to enjoy an almost normal life. Perhaps his greatest contribution to modern medicine was his deciphering of the Enzyme cascade process of blood coagulation.

In 1956 he was elected to the fellowship of The Royal Society, in 1963 he was elected a Fellow of All Souls College and in 1965 was appointed Professor of Clinical Pathology at Oxford University.

Gwyn Macfarlane was a close associate of Howard Florey during the developement of a process to extract Penicillin from culture grown in the Dunn School of Medicine. Baron Florey went on to be President of the Royal Society and Macfarlane developed an enormous respect for the capabilities of a man, held by many to be one of the greatest scientist of the twentieth century. Macfarlane considered that the role Florey had played in the developement of Penicillin had been overshadowed, so when he retired to Scotland in 1967 he commenced his first authoritative biography "Howard Florey, The Making of a Great Scientist" which was published in 1979. Later Macfarlane's second book "Alexander Fleming, The Man and the Myth" examined the life of the other great contributor to the age of anti-bacterial engineering. In later life Macfarlane felt that his close personal exposure to the these developements left him as a conduit to modern science education, and his contributions both written and in BBC TV programs etc. will always be valuable.

elected works

1934 (with B. Barnett) The haemostatic possibilities of snake venom. "Lancet,ii,985"

1938 "The normal haemostatic mechanism and its failure in the heamorrhagic states". Thesis for Doctor of Medicine, University of London.

1953 (with R. Biggs) "Human Blood Coagulation and its Disorders". Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
1961 (with A.H.T.Robb-Smith) (ed) "Functions of the Blood". Academic Press, New York.

1964 An enzyme cascade in the blood clotting mechanism, and its function as a biochemical amplifier. "Nature, Lond". 202,221

1979 "Howard Florey, The Making of a Great Scientist", Oxford University Press

1984 "Alexander Fleming, The Man and the Myth", Chatto and Windus,

References

"Robert Gwyn Macfarlane, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", G.V.R.Born and D.J.Weatheral, Volume 35, 1990.

"The Life and Achievements of Professor Robert Gwyn Macfarlane FRCS: Pioneer in the Care of Haemophlliacs", Alistair Robb-Smith. Royal Society of Medicine Services Ltd. 1993.

"A Review of the Scientific and Literary accomplishments of Professor R.G.Macfarlane CBE FRS". British Journal of Haematology 133(6);581-590 June 2006 Hougie, Cecil.