Kapitsa-Dirac effect

Kapitsa-Dirac effect

The Kapitsa-Dirac effect is a quantum mechanical effect consisting in the diffraction of a well-collimatedclarifyme particle beam (often an electron beam), by a standing wave of light. [ cite journal|title=The Kapitza-Dirac effect|journal=Contemporary Physics|date=November 2000|first=H|last=Batelaan|coauthors=|volume=41|issue=6|pages=369–381|id= |doi= 10.1080/00107510010001220 | url=http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/title~content=t713394025 |format=|accessdate=2008-07-07 ] The effect was first predicted by Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac and Pyotr Kapitsa in 1933. [ cite journal|title=|journal=Proc Cambridge Phil Soc|date=1933|first=P. L.|last=Kapitza|coauthors=P. A. M. Dirac|volume=29|issue=|pages=297|id= |url=|format=|accessdate=2008-07-07 ]

The effect is explained by the wave-particle duality, as stated by the de Broglie hypothesis in 1924. As a consequence of the wavelike nature of particles, a coherent beam of particles should be diffracted by the spatially periodic electromagnetic field structure set up by a standing electromagnetic wave, and should interfere with itself (the intensity of the particle beam should vary in with distance, presenting several maxima and minima, like in optical diffraction patterns).

A highly-coherent light beam is required for the realization of the experiment, and couldn't be realized before the invention of lasers. The most effective experiment that show the expected diffraction peaks was carried out in 2001. cite book|author=S. Gasiorowicz |title=Quantum physics |edition=3rd Edition |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2003 |isbn=0-471-05700-2]

References


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