- Macdaniel affair
The Macdaniel affair or Macdaniel scandal occurred in
England in 1754 when it came to light that a gang, led byStephen MacDaniel , had been prosecuting innocent men to their deaths in order to collect reward money. [cite web|url=http://www.deastore.com/pdf/cambridge20040427/0521591104ws.pdf|title=European Criminal Procedures (pdf)|last=Delmas-Marty|first=Mireille|coauthors=J. R. Spencer|date=first published in French 1995, English translation 2002|publisher=Presses Universitaire de France /Cambridge University Press |accessdate=2008-07-05] It was an unintended consequence of British government rewards for the capture of criminals. Before those rewards were instituted,thief-takers depended primarily on privately-funded rewards from victims seeking return of stolen property or other restitution. However, this scandal formed part of the impetus for the formation of salariedpublic police forces who did not depend on rewards. [cite book|last=Benson|first=Bruce|title=To Serve and Protect: Privatization and Community in Criminal Justice|publisher=NYU Press|date=1998|isbn=0814713270|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RD9w0bKW_Z4C&pg=PA221&dq=Macdaniel+affair&sig=ACfU3U2R7YCdf65_3QwM0RXCz0Tx4SUoxQ#PPA221,M1] [cite book|last=Rawlings|first=Philip|coauthors=Tim Newburn, Les Johnston, Frank Leishman|title=Policing: A Short History|publisher=Willan Publishing|date=2002|isbn=1903240263|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=x7zlGBD5hCkC&pg=PA93&dq=Macdaniel+affair&sig=ACfU3U0aRGx88JsFTR7GDxLzMpiMIdw7gQ] [cite book|last=McLynn|first=Frank |title=Crime and punishment in eighteenth-century England|publisher=Routledge |date=1989|isbn=0415010144|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=jXe5XQJWqmkC&pg=PA31&dq=Macdaniel+affair&lr=&sig=ACfU3U3ukCGKmFMYjE9zWs2Yp_kjzCuJug] [cite book|last=Langbein|first=John H.|title=The Origins of Adversary Criminal Trial|publisher=Oxford University Press |date=2003|isbn=0199258880|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ptDoLvpBUWgC&pg=PA155&dq=Macdaniel+affair&lr=&sig=ACfU3U1xvlQ96F4ZWjOa2URF9WyVmXj7oA]References
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