- Tropical theileriosis
Tropical theileriosis or Mediterranean theileriosis is a theileriosis of
cattle from theMediterranean andMiddle East area, fromMorocco to Western parts ofIndia andChina .It is a
tick-borne disease , caused by "Theileria annulata". The vectortick s are of the genus "Hyalomma ".The most prominent symptoms are
fever and lymph node enlargement. But there is a wide range of clinical manifestations, especially inenzootic areas. Among them, theDoukkala area of Morocco, where the epidemiology and symtomatology of the disease were minutely studied. [ [http://revmedvet.com/2002/article_fr_153_189_196.html N. EL HAJ, M. KACHANI, M. BOUSLIKHANE, H. OUHELLI, A.T. AHAMI, J. KATENDE et S.P. MORZARIA. "Séro-épidémiologie de la theilériose à Theileria annulata et de la babésiose à Babesia bigemina au Maroc"] .]The disease was once considered as "benign" in the litterature, in comparison to
East Coast fever . But with the introduction of European breeds in the region, it could become of major economic incidence. [With mortalities up to 50 to 80 procent in the 1980s ( [http://lucyin.walon.org/lv/theileria_papi.html#synthese L. Mahin] ).]An efficient treatment with parvaquone, then
buparvaquone became available in many countries from the mid 1990s.Clinical symptoms
Body temperature is regularly higher than in any other cattle disease. Fever from 41 to 42°C. are common in acute stages. Later on (day 5 to day 10 from the clinical onset), temperature will lower, to normal range (38.0-39.5°C.). But, the disease continue to progress, despite an possible apparent clinical improve (appetite comes back). Afterwards, from D10 to D15, they is a downfall stage, with
hypothermia (37 to 38°C.),anemia , subicterus , andheart failure . Such animals rarely recover, even with intensive treatment.External links
* [http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/10411.htm The disease in the Merck Veterinary Manual]
* [http://lucyin.walon.org/lv/theileria.html Lucien Mahin's web-page on his clinical experience with "Theileria annulata" disease]References
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