Severalls Hospital

Infobox Hospital
Name = Severalls Hospital
Org/Group = Severalls Hospital (also known as Severalls Mental Hospital/Severalls Mental Asylum/Severalls Psychiatric Unit

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Caption =

Location = Colchester
gbmapping|TL991284

Region = Essex
State = England
Country = UK
HealthCare = Was private, NHS, closed 1997
Type = Teaching, psychiatric, dental, post operation
Speciality = Psychiatric
Emergency = No
Affiliation= Not applicable
Beds = Unknown
Founded = 1913
Closed = <1997
Website = none
Wiki-Links = |

Severalls Hospital in Colchester, Essex, UK was a psychiatric hospital built in 1910 which first opened in May 1913. The convert|300|acre|km2|sing=on site housed some 2000 patients and was based on the "Echelon plan" - a specific arrangement of wards, offices and services within easy reach of each other by a network of interconnecting corridors. This meant that staff were able to operate around the site without the need to go outside in bad weather. The architect of the asylum was Frank Whitmore. Unlike modern British hospitals, patients in Severalls were separated according to their gender.

Villas were constructed around the main hospital building as accommodation blocks between 1910 and 1935. Most of the buildings are in the Neo-Georgian style, with few architectural embellishments.

Psychiatrists were free to "experiment" with new treatments on patients seemingly at will using practices now considered unsuitable such as electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) and the use of frontal lobotomy. These practices reached their climax during the 1950s. In her book 'Madness in Its Place: Narratives of Severalls Hospital, 1913-1997', Diana Gittins notes that often women were admitted by their own family, sometimes as the result of bearing illegitimate children or as they had been subjected to rape. As they would not always (or were unable to) carry out daily tasks, they were considered to be "mad" and some were even subjected these procedures. A change in management during the 1960s (and likely a change in social acceptances) saw reforms introduced including the creation of art and music therapy programs and the widespread use of drugs and medication.

The hospital closed as a psychiatric hospital in the early 1990s following the closure of other psychiatric institutions. However, a small section of it did remain open until 20 March 1997 for the treatment of elderly patients suffering from the effects of serious stroke, etc., as a temporary building for nearby Colchester General Hospital (which was in the process of building an entire new building for these patients).

Since 1997 the remaining structures have changed little architecturally the site remains and excellent example of a specific asylum plan. However, the buildings have suffered much vandalism and fire damage which has since led to the demolition of the main hall. In 2005 the main hall was subject to an arson attack, and in 2007 the charred building was demolished for safety reasons.

The site has been of increasing interest to “urban explorers” who have been known to enter the building and take photographs of many areas – most interestingly the morgue (which still homes the refrigerators used to store deceased patients) and the imposing water tower (no longer in use). Some medical equipment still remains (such as spot lights and basic appliances) and many sinks, toilets and boiler work is intact.

Severalls has now been fenced off and has been deemed "dangerous".

External links and references

* [http://urbandesertion.squarespace.com/severalls/ Article and photographs of Severalls]
* [http://www.thetimechamber.co.uk/Sites/Hospital/Severalls/severalls.php History, staff memories and Photographs]
* [http://www.derelicte.co.uk/severalls-asylum-revisited Many photographs of Severalls]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=boxted+road,+colchester&sll=51.884372,0.906316&sspn=0.007338,0.02223&ie=UTF8&ll=51.9182,0.897285&spn=0.001833,0.005558&t=h&z=18 Aerial map of Severalls from Googlemaps]