Lark (cigarette)

Infobox
name = Infobox/doc
above = Lark Cigarettes


caption = Logo from a pack of regular Lark Cigarettes

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header1 = Product Information
label1 =
data1 =
header2 =
label2 = Date Introduced
data2 = 1963
header3 =
label3 = Initial Manufacturer
data3 = Liggett & Myers
header4 =
label4 = Current Manufacturer
data4 = Altria Group
header5 =
label5 = Current Market Share
data5 = Unavailable

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Lark is a brand of cigarettes introduced in 1963 by Liggett & Myers and notable for its charcoal filter and past advertising campaigns, among which was one featuring people on the street being asked to "Show us your Lark pack".

Brand History & Ownership

In 1963 Liggett & Myers introduced the Lark brand with its trademark charcoal filter in an effort to halt a five-year downward drift in sales. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,939062,00.html?promoid=googlep(Seminoles.com(Time Magazine)] The distinguishing feature of the brand, both in terms of physical characteristics and taste was the 3-piece "Keith" filter, the middle section of which contains small charcoal granules, which reportedly reduces the harshness of the cigarettes smoke.

Liggett & Myers underwent several corporate name changes over the ensuing years but kept the Lark brand in their product mix until 1998, when Liggett Vector Brands Inc. sold Lark, along with the L&M & Chesterfield brands, for $300 million to Philip Morris Companies Inc., later known as the Altria Group. (The sale involved only domestic rights; Phillip Morris already owned the international rights to the three brands, which it had purchased in the late 1970s. [http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Vector-Group-Ltd-Company-History.html] As of 2008, Lark continues to be manufactured and sold by Phillip Morris USA, a subsidiary of Altria Group. [http://www.altria.com/about_altria/1_2_1_philipmorrisusa.asp(Altria)]

Since its introduction and despite several prominent advertising campaigns, Lark has never held a large share of the U.S. cigarette market. As of 2008, the brand has less than 1% of the domestic market share. It is extremely popular in Japan, however.

Packaging & Ingredients

Lark is currently sold in the following packages:

*Lark Soft Pack
*Lark 100's Soft Pack
*Lark Lights Soft Pack
*Lark Lights 100's Soft Pack

The Lark Soft Pack contains the following ingredients (listed in descending order by weight) and tar and nicotine content: [http://www.pmusa.com/en/cms/Products/Cigarettes/Ingredients/Ingredients_by_Brand/Lark/Lark_Soft_Pack.aspx]

*Tobacco
*Water
*Sugars (Sucrose and/or Invert Sugar and/or High Fructose Corn Syrup)
*Propylene Glycol
*Glycerol
*Licorice Extract
*Diammonium Phosphate
*Ammonium Hydroxide
*Cocoa and Cocoa Products
*Carob Bean and Extract
*Natural and Artificial Flavors

Tar 12 mg Nicotine 1.0 mg

Advertising History

From its introduction in 1963, the brand came in a maroon-colored package with white print (the trademark shield was initially white but was soon changed to gold along with some of the other graphics). And for most of the brand’s life it has sported the motto “Richly Rewarding, yet Uncommonly Smooth.”

Although Philip Morris continues to promote the brand heavily in Japan, it receives little to no domestic advertising. This would explain why its share of the U.S. market has declined over the years since experts generally agree that cigarette brands usually lose market share when they are no longer promoted. [http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D04E0DA153AF93BA2575AC0A9659C8B63]

Past advertising campaigns, however, have been conspicuous. As expected much of the advertising, particularly that in print, centered on the charcoal filter and its effect on taste. [http://paperboynews.com/links.asp?catagory=19&sub_id=415&page=1] Probably the most extensively run and best remembered advertisement, however, was a television spot from the 1960s in which an off-screen narrator exhorted those on the street to “show us your Lark pack.” Meanwhile, throughout the piece the William Tell Overture blared while the words “have a Lark, have a Lark, have a Lark today” were sung to the overture’s melody. Everyone it seemed had a pack of Larks and was only too happy to show them. To be best appreciated, the spot has be viewed, and can be seen here [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6zC3150Vz3o] .A parody of the commercial was created by comedian Stan Freberg for Geno's Pizza Rolls. It it, tuxedo-clad partygoers are asked to show their packages of frozen Geno's Pizza Rolls and they do. Before long, The Lone Ranger and Tonto get into the act and voice their displeasure over the cigarette maker's use of the William Tell Overture, which had long been associated with The Lone Ranger series on radio and television. [http://www.povonline.com/cols/COL051.htm] Another notable advertisement campaign from the early 1970s featured a hot-air balloon with the Lark brand name and colors, as seen here [http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_L8BTRutV0uk/SFpVOZtTN6I/AAAAAAAAEro/gvwSIg4gbdI/s1600-h/Lark+Cigarette+Ad+1972+cookout.jpg] and here [http://www.goantiques.com/scripts/images,id,1174776.html] .

Health Concerns

Because of its unique activated charcoal filter, from its inception Lark has been the subject of inquiry into whether it is safer or more harmful than cigarettes in general.

Accordingly to Anne Landman with the American Lung Association of Colorado, "The technique used in the marketing of Lark through hospitals and the medical profession was exactly similar to that used in the marketing of Kent in 1952." Ms. Landman's research, which she began in 1998, further reveals that Liggett & Myer's marketing campaign several months before the release of the Surgeon General's 1964 Report on Smoking and Health was directed at creating the rumor that medical scientists endorsed Lark as the safest cigarette. This marketing technique is credited for Lark's sales surpassing those of Kent in the Buffalo area and nearly doing so in the Houston area. [http://www.tobaccofreedom.org/issues/documents/landman/kent/index.html]

Perhaps the biggest controversy about the reputed safety of Lark Cigarettes was created by the publication of "It Is Safe to Smoke" by scientist Lloyd Mallan. Mallan recounts the findings of numerous scientists who all conclude based on the research conducted that smoking can be rendered harmless or considerablely less harmful if the cigarette is equipped with a charcoal filter. The only other brand in the United States at the time with a charcoal filter was Tareyton, whose filter had a different structure from Lark and was deemed to be less effective. [http://tobaccodocuments.org/pm/1003042992A.html] Hawthorne Publishing, however, took the book off the market in 1967 after a congressional investigation was launched into allegations that the tobacco industry had financed it. [http://communities.canada.com/ottawacitizen/blogs/quittingtime/default.aspx]

Subsequent research questioned whether the charcoal filter might have actually made Lark a more dangerous cigarette. A paper published in March 1997 by J.L. Pauly, et al, offered the following conclusion:

Charcoal granules are incorporated into cigarette filters to aid in removing toxins in cigarette smoke. In studies of Lark, a popular American cigarette with a charcoal filter, charcoal granules were observed on the filter surface, and were released from the filter when the cigarettes were smoked. During smoking, the toxin-containing charcoal granules are inhaled or ingested. The specific adverse health effects of inhaling or ingesting carbon granules have not been addressed; nevertheless, the smoker, as an educated consumer, should be informed of the possible health risks.

[cite journal |author=Pauly JL, Stegmeier SJ, Mayer AG, Lesses JD, Streck RJ |title=Release of carbon granules from cigarettes with charcoal filters |journal=Tob Control |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=33–40 |year=1997 |pmid=9176984 |pmc=1759537 |doi= |url=]

References

External links

* http://www.smokershistory.com/Fairytal.htm
* http://www.howstuffworks.com/question209.htm
* http://lib.bioinfo.pl/pmid:9176984
* http://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/NN/Views/Exhibit/narrative/smoking.html