Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann

Infobox Artist
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name = Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann


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birthname = Baumann
birthdate = November 21, 1819
location = Warsaw, Poland
deathdate = July 11, 1881
deathplace = Copenhagen, Denmark
nationality = Polish-Danish of German parents
field = Painting
training = Düsseldorf/Rome
movement =
works =
patrons = Queen Louise of Denmark
influenced by =
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Anna Maria Elisabeth Lisinska Jerichau-Baumann (born November 21, 1819 - died July 11, 1881 in Copenhagen) was a Danish painter. She was born in Zoliborz (Jolibord) a borough of Warsaw. [Albert Ellery Berg, (1884), "The Drama, Painting, Poetry, and Song", P.F. Collier, New York. digitized by Google.] Her father, Philip Adolph Baumann (1776-1863), a mapmaker, and her mother, Johanne Frederikke Reyer (1790-1854), were German. [http://www.kvinfo.dk/side/170/bio/827/ Dansk Kvindebiografisk Leksikon] ]

Education and Early Career

At the age of nineteen, Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann began her studies in Düsseldorf which at the time was one of the most important art centres in Europe and her early subject matter was drawn from Slovak life. She began exhibiting there and in 1844 attracted public attention for the first time. After she moved to Rome, her paintings were primarily of local life. It was here that she met her future husband, Jens Adolf Jerichau, whom she married in 1846. When she and her husband were not travelling, she spent many hours a day in their studio in Rome. She was particularly fond of the Italian carnival as a theme.

Life in Denmark

The couple moved to Copenhagen in 1849 where her husband became a professor in the Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts. Elisabeth was not well received by the Danish art world which was preoccupied at the time with preserving a Danish artistic identity based in the Danish Golden Age of art and the legacy of C.W. Eckersberg. She was not intimidated, however, and tried to find subjects that would appeal to the Danish public. Even though her painting "Danmark" (1851) became well-known, she had more success with painting portraits of important Danes and did several of Queen Louise of Denmark (1817 - 1898) and her daughters who kept up a correspondence with her. Yet in spite of this royal patronage, the Danish art world remained cool toward her and the "Statens Museum for Kunst" (State Museum of Art) bought and exhibited only one of her paintings "En såret dansk kriger" ('A Wounded Danish soldier'). [http://www.loebdanishartcollection.com/paper/ELISABETH_MARIA_ANNA_(LISINSKA)_JERICHAU_BAUMANN.swf Paper in the John L. Loeb Jr., Danish Art Collection] ]

uccess Abroad

She had great success abroad, however, and had a special following in France where she was twice represented at the World Fair in Paris, first in 1867 and again in 1878. In 1852 she exhibited some of her paintings in London, and Queen Victoria requested a private presentation in Buckingham Palace. Among the portraits presented to the Queen was her painting of Hans Christian Andersen, completed in 1850. [Johan de Mylius, (1998), "The Life of Hans Christian Andersen. Day By Day."]

The Harems of the Ottoman Empire

In 1869-1870 Elisabeth traveled extensively in the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle-East, and again in 1874-1875 accompanied by her son Harald. She was able to gain access to the harems of the Ottoman Empire and as a result was able to paint scenes of harem life from personal observation in contrast to most artists of the time whose work on this popular subject was entirely derived from the imagination or other artists in the same position as themselves. Nevertheless, as Roberts points out, she had to curb her desire to paint the women of the harems as Europeans liked to imagine them because they insisted on being painted in the latest Paris fashions.

In 1869, she was admitted into the harem of Mustafa Fazil Paşa. She was able to gain entry because of her royal patronage in Denmark and brought with her a letter of introduction from Princess Alexandra of Denmark by then the Princess of Wales. She had accompanied her husband (the future Edward VII) on a grand tour which included the Ottoman Empire, earlier that year, and therefore had great influence. But the fact that Mustafa was a liberal in favour of a Western style constitutional government and was a vocal proponent of modernization played an important part in her being granted entry. She was entranced by Mustafa Paşa's daughter Nazlı and wrote home to her husband and children, 'Yesterday I fell in love with a beautiful Turkish Princess'. [http://www.arts.usyd.edu.au/departs/arthistory/staff/mroberts.shtml Mary Roberts] , "Harem Portraiture: Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann and the Egyptian Princess Nazli Hanım" - in: "Local/global: Women Artists in the Nineteenth Century" edited by Deborah Cherry and Janice Helland, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. (2006) ISBN 0754631974]

Her work from this period is sometimes decorative and frequently sentimental but with a fine sense of colour and lighting. [] The sensualism in some of these paintings was still considered taboo in some parts of Europe and the Danish art world tried to keep these works out of site. Until recently, her paintings were kept in museum storerooms in Denmark. The erotic quality in many of her husband's statues may have helped her to disregard this provincialism in spite of the obvious social risks to a woman at the time.

A Family of Artists

Children:
*Thorald Harald Adolph Carol Lorentz (1848)
*Marie (1850)
*Harald (1851)
*Caroline Elisabeth Nanny (1853)
* Louise (1859)
*Sophie Dagmar Elisabeth (1859)
*Holger Hvitfeldt (1861)

The Jerichaus had nine children, two of whom died in their infancy. Of the rest, several became accomplished painters including Harald Jerichau (1851-1878), who died of malaria and typhoid soon after his trip to the Middle-East with his mother, and Holger Hvitfeldt Jerichau (1861-1900) who painted primarily impressionistic landscapes. His work earned the favour of the Russian Royal Family whose patronage helped him finance his foreign travels. He was called "a true visionary and talented artist" by the art critics of the time and had many successful exhibitions but like his older brother died young at age 41. One of his paintings sold for over twelve thousand dollars in 1991. [ [http://www.obro-artgallery.com/biographies.htm Obro Art Gallery, Copenhagen] ] She has several other descendants who are artists and her grandson J.A. Jerichau (1891 - 1916) was one of Denmark's most talented modernist painters.

Written Works

Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann wrote two books about her life:

* "Ungdomserindringer" ("Youthful Memories") (1874)
* "Brogede rejsebilleder" ("Motley Travel Pictures"), Copenhagen (1881)

Works

Drawings

*Portrait of Jenny Lind (1845) 19x21.5 Pencil
*A child, 'Titi' (1856) Gouache/paper
*An Angel (1857) Watercolour, pencil/paper
*Damenportrait (1859) 19x13 Ink
*Portraet af egyptisk kvinde (1870) Drawing
*Höjtlaesning ved sygelejet (1878) 11.5x19 Ink
*Höjtlaesning ved sygelejet (1878) 11.5x19 Ink/paper
*Havfrue 21x31 Pencil/paper
*Adam og Eva 32x21 Pencil/paper
*Dameportraet Pencil/paper
*Portraet af Johanne-Luise Heiberg 8x6Ink, pen
*Lille dreng med bog 31x21 Pencil/paper

Paintings

Notes

References

* Nicolaj Bøgh, "Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann" (Copenhagen 1886).
* Sigurd Müller, "Nyere dansk Malerkunst", Copenhagen (1884).
* Peter Nørgaard Larsen, "Elisabeth Jerichau Baumann", Øregaard Museum (1996)
* Peter NørgaardLarsen in: Weilbach,Vol. 4,Copenhagen (1996).
* Elisabeth Oxfeldt, (2005), "Nordic Orientalism: Paris and the Cosmopolitan Imagination 1800-1900", Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 8763501341