Harrowing of Hell (drama)
- Harrowing of Hell (drama)
The "Harrowing of Hell" is a eighth-century Latin piece in fifty-five lines found in the Anglo-Saxon "Book of Cerne" (folios 98v–99v). It is probably a Northumbrian piece, written in prose and verse, where the former serves either as a set of stage directions for a dramatic portrayal or as a series of narrations for explaining the poetry.
Three voices appear in the work: those of Adam, Eve, and a narrator. The prose of the "narrator" appears in the "Book of Cerne" in red ink setting it off from the rest of the text. The prose portions are rhythmic and may therefore have been sung, even if they were primarily directorial. Besides the three main soloists, the piece was designed for a full choir ("antiqui iusti"). The piece may be either an early oratorio or the earliest surviving piece of Christian drama intended to be performed.
The "Harrowing of Hell" has two sources: a lost Latin homily, which survives in translation as the seventh of the Old English "Blickling Homilies", [This itself draws on homily 160 of Pseudo-Augustine.] and a Roman psalter also in the "Book of Cerne". David Dumville (1972) provides a critical edition of the Latin text and Dronke (1994) provides some English translation.
The fifty-five lines recount how Jesus Christ descended into hell to release the "prisoners", the just who were held by Satan. In typical medieval representations of this event, Adam and Eve are released immediately, but in the "Harrowing of Hell" they must wait and beg before they too are finally saved. The plea of Eve goes as follows:The piece ends abruptly here, the rest apparently being lost, but if a comparable Old English piece is any indication, Eve's plea is successful.
References
*Dronke, Peter (1994). "Nine Medieval Latin Plays". Cambridge Medieval Classics, I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 39537 2.
*Dumville, David N. (1972). "Liturgical Drama and Panegyric Responsory from the Eighth Century? A Re-examination of the Origin and Contents of the Ninth-Century Section of the Book of Cerne." "Journal of Theological Studies", 23:2, pp. 374–406.
Notes
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